Volcanoes

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  1. 6. Volcanic mountains are a special class of mountains. A volcano is a vent or opening through which magma, ash, gases, and water vapour are ejected out. Volcanic mountains consist of – Magma chamber, Vent, Lava, Crater, and pyroclastic flow. Volcanic soil or the soil around a volcanic mountain is very fertile.
  2. 8. the relatively thin part of the earth's crust which underlies the ocean basins. It is geologically young compared with the continental crust and consists of basaltic rock overlain by sediments.
  3. 10. a large volcano that has erupted on the seafloor and has emerged above sea level, occurring in ocean basins or on ocean ridges.
  4. 13. a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
  5. 14. Convergent boundaries form when two crustal plates are colliding. When a continental plate and an ocean plate converge the ocean plate is heavier and subducts beneath the continental plate. The plates form a subduction zone with one plate descending beneath the other plate.
  6. 16. an area on Earth over a mantle plume or an area under the rocky outer layer of Earth, called the crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding magma.
  7. 17. hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this.
  8. 18. a three-dimensional surface or zone across which there is a significant change in the velocity (speed or direction) of motion of one lithospheric plate relative to the adjacent lithospheric plate.
  9. 19. a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes
  10. 20. the powdery residue left after the burning of a substance.
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  1. 1. the largest crustal plate on our planet.
  2. 2. Igneous rocks (from the Latin word for fire) form when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies. The melt originates deep within the Earth near active plate boundaries or hot spots, then rises toward the surface.
  3. 3. dense, fast-moving flow of solidified lava pieces, volcanic ash, and hot gases.
  4. 4. the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate.
  5. 5. the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.
  6. 7. the relatively thick part of the earth's crust that forms the large landmasses. It is generally older and more complex than the oceanic crust.
  7. 9. the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
  8. 11. hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling
  9. 12. a destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano.
  10. 15. a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.