Weathering

1. – The mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and crevices
3. – zones or layers of soil
5. – physical forces break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the rock’s mineral composition
7. - The A horizon is commonly know as this
11. – The downward movement of a block of material along a curved surface
12. – Sections of rock that are wedged loose may tumble into large piles which typically form at the base of steep, rocky cliffs
14. - Hot, wet, tropical climates
17. – Parent material has been carried from elsewhere and deposited
19. – Rocks or rocks fragments fall freely through the air
20. - Accumulates calcium carbonate
24. – Dark colored and rich in minerals
27. - The activity of organisms, including plants, burrowing animals, and humans, can also cause mechanical weathering
29. – a vertical section through all the soil horizons
30. - Steep _______ often have poorly developed soils
31. - Caused by variations in composition
33. – The transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity
34. – Planting rows of trees called windbreaks can do this

2. – the layer of rock and mineral fragments that covers most of Earth’s land surface
4. – the transformation of rock into one or more new compounds
6. – Human activities that remove natural vegetation, such as farming, logging, and, ______ have greatly accelerated erosion.
8. – Parent material is the bedrock
9. – Greatest effect on soil formation
10. - The collision of rocks that results in the breaking and wearing away of the rocks (a form of mechanical weathering)
11. - Causes the corners and edges of rock to be more rounded
13. – Move quickly and carry a mixture of soil, rock, and water that has a consistency of wet concrete
15. – Slides that include segments of bedrock
16. – A block of material moves suddenly along a flat, inclined surface
18. - Best developed under forest vegetation
21. – Move relatively slowly and carry clay-rich sediment
22. – Reduced pressure on igneous rock causes it to expand and allows slabs of outer rock to break off in layers
23. – The practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons
25. – Optimum slope is a flat-to- ________ upland surface.
26. – Tiny particles of rock that has been weathered
28. – These influence the soil's physical and chemical properties
32. – Mass movements of material containing a large amount of water
34. – The slow, downhill movement of soil and regolith