WHAP Unit 4

12345678910111213141516171819
Across
  1. 5. three motives/reasons behind why governments started to fund maritime exploration
  2. 6. an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets,
  3. 7. the extensive movements of plants, animals, diseases, and peoples between the Old (Africa + Eurasia) and New Worlds (The Americas)
  4. 9. large trading merchant ship operating in European waters (especially by the Portuguese) 14th- 17th century
  5. 10. imperial dominance based on control of trade in an area rather than on control of subject peoples; practiced by Europeans in the Indian Ocean (especially Portuguese) as they took over trade from Arab and Muslim merchants who previously dominated trade
  6. 11. economic system where nations seek to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold/silver and by exporting more goods than they imported
  7. 15. Portuguese prince who promoted and funded the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.
  8. 17. Ocean where new extensive trade began after the "discovery" of the Americas by Columbus
  9. 18. labor system originated in the Incan Empire but was used by Spanish colonizers. It is a form of mandatory public service/labor that was done as a tribute to the government.
  10. 19. labor system of large agricultural estates (like plantations) that were developed in the Spanish Empire in the Americas. Typically owned by wealthy landowners, and they were worked by indentured laborers, including indigenous people and African slaves
Down
  1. 1. labor system established by the Spanish crown granted Spanish colonists the right to demand labor of a certain number of native peoples in the mines and fields.
  2. 2. West African Empire made rich by selling gold, ivory, and enslaved people to Europeans
  3. 3. form of labor where an individual is under contract to work without a salary to repay a loan within a certain timeframe.
  4. 4. a business owned by its investors, with each investor owning a share of the company based on the amount that they've invested. Created to fund early maritime exploration
  5. 7. A type of slavery where you are considered property
  6. 8. Name for the Spaniards living in the Spanish colonies in America.at They were at the top of the Spanish hierarchy.
  7. 12. a type of state-centered empire that used naval (sea) power to gain global dominance of territories in Asia, Africa, and America from 1450 to 1750.
  8. 13. small, highly maneuverable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic; used for long voyages at great speed from 15th - 17th centuries; used for exploration, not trade
  9. 14. the three-legged trade route that made up the Atlantic slave trade. The three stops in this trade network were in Europe, Africa, and the Americas
  10. 16. a hierarchical system implemented in the Spanish colonies in the Americas that determined your status based on race and proximity to European heritage