WHEP Glossary Terms

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Across
  1. 2. cover: the amount of ground covered by the branches, leaves and stems of plants; can specify as herbaceous, shrub, tree or all canopy cover; expressed as a percentage
  2. 4. a type of organism whose members can freely interbreed with each other and genetically are very similar; do not necessarily interact or located together
  3. 6. range the area used by an animal; usually described as the area that encompasses the daily, seasonal, and annual movements of an animal
  4. 8. plants adapted to dry conditions; often store water in leaves and other parts of the plant; usually have small leaves and thorns
  5. 10. count a census method commonly used to monitor relative abundance of songbirds
  6. 12. usually refers to non-coniferous trees bearing leaves
  7. 15. chemicals used to kill or control the growth of 252 Wildlife Habitat Education Program undesirable plants
  8. 17. usually refers to needleleaf trees that bear seeds in cones; examples include spruces, pines and firs
  9. 18. a hill that rises abruptly from the surroundings; sides are steeply sloped or with cliffs, and the top is nearly flat.
  10. 19. plant species that grow from a root system that remains alive more than two years
  11. 22. plain large, nearly level areas of land near ocean shores
  12. 28. plants: grasses, forbs, sedges, rushes and ferns; plants having soft rather than woody stems
  13. 31. a group of individuals of the same species living in a given area that interact with each other
  14. 32. where two vegetation types or seral stages meet and blend gradually with characteristics of both communities represented
  15. 33. an area with scattered trees maintained by fire and/or grazing
  16. 34. to water through diversion ditches and pipes
  17. 35. area space or area represented by tree stems at 4.5 feet above ground; for example, a basal area of 60 square feet per acre means that of 43,560 square feet of available space (1 acre), tree trunks represent 60 square feet of that space 4.5 feet above ground
  18. 37. replacement of one vegetation type or seral stage by another
  19. 41. chemicals required for plants and animals to grow and exist
  20. 43. to make a cavity or hole
  21. 44. the process of changing from one form to another
  22. 45. occurring in a remote or other area where visibility is obstructed or reduced
  23. 47. behavioral term for fish that breed in fresh water, but mature in salt water, such as Coho salmon (see catadromous)
  24. 49. usually referring to soil high in available nutrients
  25. 50. the arrangement of vegetation types or successional stages
  26. 52. species: a species in danger of becoming extinct
  27. 54. where two vegetation types or seral stages meet
  28. 56. planting trees in an area that previously was not forested; for example, planting trees in a field coming out of agricultural production
  29. 58. elimination of solid body waste by animals
  30. 61. type: a community or assemblage of plants commonly found in association with each other
  31. 64. to replace lost or damaged parts with new tissue
  32. 68. site where various mammal species, such as raccoon or river otter, habitually defecate or urinate
  33. 69. the process of tending and managing a forest
  34. 74. the surroundings that affect the growth and development of an organism including other plants and animals, climate and location
  35. 77. animals lacking a backbone; examples include insects, spiders, mollusks and crustaceans
  36. 80. keeping something out of an area
  37. 82. litter dead and decaying organic matter found on the ground such as leaves, branches and dead plants
  38. 83. the mixing of vegetation types or successional stages; high interspersion represents a lot of mixing; low interspersion represents little mixing
  39. 86. the winter den or shelter for various species
  40. 87. organisms that reduce animal carcasses and waste and dead plant material into nutrients
  41. 89. having thick fleshy leaves that conserve moisture
  42. 92. the natural breakdown and decay of dead plant and animal material
  43. 93. seed occurring naturally in the top few inches of soil
  44. 94. to vary, or rise and fall irregularly
  45. 96. a small fish, especially up to one year of age
  46. 97. (compensatory and additive) – death of individuals
Down
  1. 1. stand: a contiguous area of trees of similar species composition, age and structure that can managed as a unit
  2. 3. web: a complex network of food chains
  3. 4. grass-like plant, often associated with moist areas and usually with triangular stems
  4. 5. usually refers to coniferous trees, though some deciduous trees such as red maple and aspen also have relatively soft wood
  5. 7. the plant community along with the animal community together with soil, air, water, and sunlight
  6. 8. a strip or block of cover that connects otherwise isolated areas for a particular wildlife species
  7. 9. species plant or animal species with a disproportionate influence in its community relative to its abundance
  8. 11. plant and animal species originating historically or migrating naturally to a particular ecoregion
  9. 13. successional stage occurring prior to climax stage, but further development is inhibited by some factor(s) other than climate
  10. 14. plants that shed their leaves annually
  11. 15. plant-eating animal
  12. 16. capacity: the maximum population that an area can sustain without causing some type of damage; usually related to food, cover, water, or space for a particular species (biological carrying capacity), but the term is sometimes applicable to cultural limitations for humans
  13. 18. n. leaves and ends of twigs of woody species; v. to eat browse
  14. 20. the area adjacent to and influenced by a water source such as a creek, stream, river, pond, lake, swamp or other wetland
  15. 21. sluggish; not producing to potential
  16. 23. accumulation of dead grass and leaves on the ground
  17. 24. a behavioral term that describes primary activity near dawn and dusk
  18. 25. the physical and biological resources (food, cover, water) required by a species within an area of sufficient size (space) for that species
  19. 26. usually used to describe the periodic movement to and from a breeding area; may also be used to explain other seasonal movements, such as altitudinal migration in elevation in response to snow cover and food availability
  20. 27. chemicals used to control insects
  21. 29. declining in health and/or productivity
  22. 30. stage a successional stage in a sere
  23. 36. microscopic floating and suspended aquatic plants
  24. 38. breaking down the protective coating on various species of seed allowing the seed to germinate; often facilitated by fire or digestion
  25. 39. referring to topography
  26. 40. the plant or animal species that is the most common in an area
  27. 42. the growth stage in a plant or plant part (like a leaf) from full maturity to death; old age
  28. 43. plants that do not lose all their leaves at one time, including some conifers, but also many broadleaf trees and shrubs such as live oak and American holly
  29. 46. n. refers to the vegetation eaten by animals; v. to search for food
  30. 48. lack of normal precipitation for an extended period of time; long period with little or no rain
  31. 51. residue left on the ground after trees are harvested
  32. 53. in forestry, refers to young trees
  33. 55. to stimulate and return to good health and vigor
  34. 57. most often used in natural resources management to describe disruption of continuity of a vegetation or type community; for example, an interstate highway can cause fragmentation of a forest
  35. 59. a meat-eating animal
  36. 60. temporary; often seasonal; not long lasting
  37. 62. an elevated, relatively level expanse of land; sometimes called table land
  38. 63. rate: amount of land allotted to each animal for the entire grazable portion of the year
  39. 65. to supply or expose water with air to increase dissolved oxygen and release harmful gases
  40. 66. microscopic animals that float/swim in water
  41. 67. an area that represents several interacting ecosystems; usually regional in reference
  42. 70. an insect-eating animal
  43. 71. behavioral term for fish that breed in salt water, but mature in fresh water (see anadromous)
  44. 72. a measure of water clarity (or cloudiness) as influenced by suspension of sediment or other materials, but most often soil particles (usually silt or clay)
  45. 73. usually refers to planting trees in an area that was previously forested and recently harvested
  46. 75. an animal that eats both plant and animal material
  47. 76. having harmful effects
  48. 78. a series of successional stages at a particular site, leading to a mature, climax community
  49. 79. when referring to plants, those that complete their life cycle from seed to mature seed-bearing plant in one growing season
  50. 81. referring to trees and shrubs
  51. 84. chain: step by step passage of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem; for example, clover—deer—mountain lion
  52. 85. a plant with wide blade leaves such as an oak or cottonwood. Seeds are born from flowering parts in contrast to conifers which bear seeds in cones
  53. 88. to gather food in a systematic manner
  54. 90. vegetation and other land features that provide areas for wildlife to hide, sleep, feed and reproduce
  55. 91. plants that bear seeds in a pod; examples include lespedezas, clovers, soybeans, peas and black locust
  56. 95. dry, receives little precipitation
  57. 96. broad-leaved herbaceous plant