WHEP Glossary Terms

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Across
  1. 4. declining in health and/or productivity
  2. 10. to gather food in a systematic manner
  3. 11. an insect-eating animal
  4. 14. a plant with wide blade leaves such as an oak or cottonwood. Seeds are born from flowering parts in contrast to conifers which bear seeds in cones
  5. 19. seed occurring naturally in the top few inches of soil
  6. 21. a group of individuals of the same species living in a given area that interact with each other
  7. 24. behavioral term for fish that breed in salt water, but mature in fresh water (see anadromous)
  8. 25. a small fish, especially up to one year of age
  9. 26. referring to trees and shrubs
  10. 31. n. leaves and ends of twigs of woody species; v. to eat browse
  11. 32. having thick fleshy leaves that conserve moisture
  12. 33. most often used in natural resources management to describe disruption of continuity of a vegetation or type community; for example, an interstate highway can cause fragmentation of a forest
  13. 36. species plant or animal species with a disproportionate influence in its community relative to its abundance
  14. 41. in forestry, refers to young trees
  15. 43. to stimulate and return to good health and vigor
  16. 46. plain large, nearly level areas of land near ocean shores
  17. 49. microscopic floating and suspended aquatic plants
  18. 54. an animal that eats both plant and animal material
  19. 57. species: a species in danger of becoming extinct
  20. 58. the mixing of vegetation types or successional stages; high interspersion represents a lot of mixing; low interspersion represents little mixing
  21. 60. organisms that reduce animal carcasses and waste and dead plant material into nutrients
  22. 63. sluggish; not producing to potential
  23. 64. the surroundings that affect the growth and development of an organism including other plants and animals, climate and location
  24. 66. accumulation of dead grass and leaves on the ground
  25. 69. the arrangement of vegetation types or successional stages
  26. 72. a behavioral term that describes primary activity near dawn and dusk
  27. 75. successional stage occurring prior to climax stage, but further development is inhibited by some factor(s) other than climate
  28. 77. range the area used by an animal; usually described as the area that encompasses the daily, seasonal, and annual movements of an animal
  29. 78. lack of normal precipitation for an extended period of time; long period with little or no rain
  30. 79. plants adapted to dry conditions; often store water in leaves and other parts of the plant; usually have small leaves and thorns
  31. 82. area space or area represented by tree stems at 4.5 feet above ground; for example, a basal area of 60 square feet per acre means that of 43,560 square feet of available space (1 acre), tree trunks represent 60 square feet of that space 4.5 feet above ground
  32. 83. chain: step by step passage of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem; for example, clover—deer—mountain lion
  33. 84. an area with scattered trees maintained by fire and/or grazing
  34. 85. the process of tending and managing a forest
  35. 89. when referring to plants, those that complete their life cycle from seed to mature seed-bearing plant in one growing season
  36. 90. usually referring to soil high in available nutrients
  37. 91. replacement of one vegetation type or seral stage by another
  38. 93. a series of successional stages at a particular site, leading to a mature, climax community
  39. 95. a strip or block of cover that connects otherwise isolated areas for a particular wildlife species
  40. 96. plant-eating animal
  41. 97. elimination of solid body waste by animals
  42. 99. n. refers to the vegetation eaten by animals; v. to search for food
  43. 100. having harmful effects
  44. 101. litter dead and decaying organic matter found on the ground such as leaves, branches and dead plants
Down
  1. 1. stand: a contiguous area of trees of similar species composition, age and structure that can managed as a unit
  2. 2. plants that shed their leaves annually
  3. 3. plants that do not lose all their leaves at one time, including some conifers, but also many broadleaf trees and shrubs such as live oak and American holly
  4. 5. dry, receives little precipitation
  5. 6. referring to topography
  6. 7. plants that bear seeds in a pod; examples include lespedezas, clovers, soybeans, peas and black locust
  7. 8. usually used to describe the periodic movement to and from a breeding area; may also be used to explain other seasonal movements, such as altitudinal migration in elevation in response to snow cover and food availability
  8. 9. the natural breakdown and decay of dead plant and animal material
  9. 12. a meat-eating animal
  10. 13. usually refers to non-coniferous trees bearing leaves
  11. 15. chemicals used to kill or control the growth of 252 Wildlife Habitat Education Program undesirable plants
  12. 16. keeping something out of an area
  13. 17. behavioral term for fish that breed in fresh water, but mature in salt water, such as Coho salmon (see catadromous)
  14. 18. to vary, or rise and fall irregularly
  15. 20. an elevated, relatively level expanse of land; sometimes called table land
  16. 22. the plant community along with the animal community together with soil, air, water, and sunlight
  17. 23. the process of changing from one form to another
  18. 27. usually refers to planting trees in an area that was previously forested and recently harvested
  19. 28. the area adjacent to and influenced by a water source such as a creek, stream, river, pond, lake, swamp or other wetland
  20. 29. planting trees in an area that previously was not forested; for example, planting trees in a field coming out of agricultural production
  21. 30. the physical and biological resources (food, cover, water) required by a species within an area of sufficient size (space) for that species
  22. 34. where two vegetation types or seral stages meet
  23. 35. the plant or animal species that is the most common in an area
  24. 37. a type of organism whose members can freely interbreed with each other and genetically are very similar; do not necessarily interact or located together
  25. 38. residue left on the ground after trees are harvested
  26. 39. stage a successional stage in a sere
  27. 40. plant and animal species originating historically or migrating naturally to a particular ecoregion
  28. 42. cover: the amount of ground covered by the branches, leaves and stems of plants; can specify as herbaceous, shrub, tree or all canopy cover; expressed as a percentage
  29. 44. breaking down the protective coating on various species of seed allowing the seed to germinate; often facilitated by fire or digestion
  30. 45. chemicals required for plants and animals to grow and exist
  31. 47. capacity: the maximum population that an area can sustain without causing some type of damage; usually related to food, cover, water, or space for a particular species (biological carrying capacity), but the term is sometimes applicable to cultural limitations for humans
  32. 48. where two vegetation types or seral stages meet and blend gradually with characteristics of both communities represented
  33. 50. the winter den or shelter for various species
  34. 51. plant species that grow from a root system that remains alive more than two years
  35. 52. to supply or expose water with air to increase dissolved oxygen and release harmful gases
  36. 53. type: a community or assemblage of plants commonly found in association with each other
  37. 55. to make a cavity or hole
  38. 56. (compensatory and additive) – death of individuals
  39. 59. animals lacking a backbone; examples include insects, spiders, mollusks and crustaceans
  40. 61. microscopic animals that float/swim in water
  41. 62. plants: grasses, forbs, sedges, rushes and ferns; plants having soft rather than woody stems
  42. 63. usually refers to coniferous trees, though some deciduous trees such as red maple and aspen also have relatively soft wood
  43. 65. a measure of water clarity (or cloudiness) as influenced by suspension of sediment or other materials, but most often soil particles (usually silt or clay)
  44. 67. vegetation and other land features that provide areas for wildlife to hide, sleep, feed and reproduce
  45. 68. a hill that rises abruptly from the surroundings; sides are steeply sloped or with cliffs, and the top is nearly flat.
  46. 70. web: a complex network of food chains
  47. 71. an area that represents several interacting ecosystems; usually regional in reference
  48. 73. to replace lost or damaged parts with new tissue
  49. 74. the growth stage in a plant or plant part (like a leaf) from full maturity to death; old age
  50. 76. site where various mammal species, such as raccoon or river otter, habitually defecate or urinate
  51. 80. count a census method commonly used to monitor relative abundance of songbirds
  52. 81. occurring in a remote or other area where visibility is obstructed or reduced
  53. 84. rate: amount of land allotted to each animal for the entire grazable portion of the year
  54. 86. chemicals used to control insects
  55. 87. temporary; often seasonal; not long lasting
  56. 88. to water through diversion ditches and pipes
  57. 92. grass-like plant, often associated with moist areas and usually with triangular stems
  58. 94. usually refers to needleleaf trees that bear seeds in cones; examples include spruces, pines and firs
  59. 98. broad-leaved herbaceous plant