World History

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Across
  1. 2. a group of close-knit and interrelated families (esp. associated with families in the Scottish Highlands).
  2. 5. (in the Middle Ages) a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor.
  3. 8. a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC
  4. 9. the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
  5. 13. the bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church.
  6. 14. a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition.
  7. 15. law ecclesiastical law, esp. (in the Roman Catholic Church) that laid down by papal pronouncements.
  8. 16. a large bow drawn by hand and shooting a long feathered arrow. It was the chief weapon of English armies from the 14th century until the introduction of firearms.
  9. 17. a medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.
  10. 21. a hereditary commander-in-chief in feudal Japan. Because of the military power concentrated in his hands and the consequent weakness of the nominal head of state (the mikado or emperor), the shogun was generally the real ruler of the country until feudalism was abolished in 1867.
  11. 23. an Arab leader, in particular the chief or head of an Arab tribe, family, or village.
  12. 24. the code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai.
  13. 26. class the social group between the upper and working classes, including professional and business workers and their families.
  14. 27. a follower of the religion of Islam.
  15. 28. route seaway: a lane at sea that is a regularly used route for vessels
  16. 30. a member of a religious community of men typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
  17. 31. a line of hereditary rulers of a country
  18. 32. mongolica is a Latin phrase meaning "Mongol Peace" coined by Western scholars to describe the stabilizing effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural, and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast Eurasian territory that the Mongols conquered
  19. 34. an estate of land, esp. one held on condition of feudal service.
  20. 35. a senior member of the Christian clergy, typically in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.
  21. 37. the language of ancient Rome and its empire, widely used historically as a language of scholarship and administration.
Down
  1. 1. death the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
  2. 3. service the permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians.
  3. 4. the realm of a khan
  4. 6. someone or something having power, authority, or influence; a master or ruler.
  5. 7. the era of Islam's ascendancy from the death of Mohammed until the 13th century; some Moslems still maintain that the Moslem world must always have a calif as head of the community; "their goal was to reestablish the Caliphate"
  6. 8. a sovereign ruler of great power and rank, esp. one ruling an empire.
  7. 10. a member of an indigenous people of North Africa. The majority of Berbers are settled farmers or (now) migrant workers.
  8. 11. a large country house with lands; the principal house of a landed estate.
  9. 12. cycle is an important political theory in Chinese history. According to this theory, every dynasty goes through a culture cycle.
  10. 18. an adherent of the Shia branch of Islam.
  11. 19. a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power.
  12. 20. an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.
  13. 21. a Japanese religion dating from the early 8th century and incorporating the worship of ancestors and nature spirits and a belief in sacred power ( kami ) in both animate and inanimate things. It was the state religion of Japan until 1945.
  14. 22. a member of a people having no permanent abode, and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock.
  15. 25. a member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, esp. a member of the class of military retainers of the daimyos.
  16. 29. capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire
  17. 31. (in feudal Japan) one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun.
  18. 33. a member of a Semitic people, originally from the Arabian peninsula and neighboring territories, inhabiting much of the Middle East and North Africa.
  19. 36. one of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs.