World War I Glossary

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Across
  1. 3. Program for settling German reparations debts after WWI, written in 1924 and formally adopted in 1930.
  2. 6. Archduke of Austria whose assassination in 1914 sparked the beginning of WWI.
  3. 8. German submarine, short for *Unterseeboot* (Under Sea Boat).
  4. 10. Strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts.
  5. 11. British-led offensive in mid-March 1917 in Iraq, running for six weeks before being called off until autumn.
  6. 15. 28th president of the United States, known for WWI leadership, Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, and League of Nations.
  7. 16. Longest battle of WWI at a French fort.
  8. 19. Policy that the Germans announced in January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters.
  9. 22. Program for settling German reparations debts after WWI, written in 1929 and formally adopted in 1930.
  10. 25. Assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand.
  11. 30. Temporary peace agreement to end fighting.
  12. 31. Military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the years preceding WWI.
  13. 33. Book by Norman Angell published in 1910 about the rivalry between England and Germany, translated into 11 languages.
  14. 34. Festering quarrels over the Balkans which eventually pushed Europe into war.
  15. 36. 1915 secret pact between the Triple Entente and Italy, signed in London, to gain Italy's alliance against Germany.
  16. 37. Reigned as the last King of Serbia and the first King of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (1903-1918).
  17. 38. Acronym for the causes of WWI: Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism.
  18. 42. Battle from April 22 to May 25, 1915, for control of Ypres in Belgium.
  19. 50. British passenger boat sunk by a German submarine that claimed 1,000 lives. One of the main reasons the US decided to join the war.
  20. 51. Strip of land between the trenches of opposing armies along the Western Front during WWI.
  21. 52. Laid out between the trenches to slow down advancing enemy forces.
  22. 53. Territory created by the German Empire in 1871 after annexing Alsace and parts of Lorraine from France.
  23. 54. Treaty that ended WWI and blamed Germany for WWI, handing down harsh punishment.
  24. 55. Major battle between British and French armies against Germany from July 1 to November 18, 1916.
  25. 56. Battle from October 24 to November 19, 1917, near Kobarid, on the Austro-Italian front.
Down
  1. 1. Composed of France, Britain, and Russia, and later Japan and Italy, the Allies fought the Central Powers in WWI. The United States joined the Allies in 1917.
  2. 2. Author of *Germany and the Next War*, argued that Germany and France could never negotiate their problems.
  3. 4. Part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war.
  4. 5. Military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding WWI.
  5. 7. Naval battle between the British Royal Navy and German Navy from May 31 - June 1, 1916.
  6. 9. Last Emperor of Russia, cousin of King George V.
  7. 12. Series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving lasting peace after WWI.
  8. 13. Battle in September 1914 during the invasion and occupation of German New Guinea by Australian forces.
  9. 14. International port city on Belgium's River Scheldt.
  10. 17. Military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.
  11. 18. The siege of Liège.
  12. 20. Height in Turkey dominating the Gallipoli Peninsula, the main position of Ottoman defenses in 1915.
  13. 21. International organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations.
  14. 23. Coded message sent by Germany to try to get Mexico to attack the US.
  15. 24. King of the United Kingdom and British Dominions during WWI, also known as the "Uncle of Europe."
  16. 26. Battle on August 21, 1914, between the French Fifth Army and German 2nd and 3rd armies during the Battle of the Frontiers.
  17. 27. Deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other.
  18. 28. Form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.
  19. 29. July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918.
  20. 32. Conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort.
  21. 35. 1904 agreement between Britain and France resolving colonial disputes and establishing a diplomatic understanding.
  22. 39. Region of northern France where the forces of the Allies and the Central Powers battled each other.
  23. 40. Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.
  24. 41. Battle from April 12-14, 1915, between British and Ottoman forces for control of Basra.
  25. 43. Alliance system in Europe was a major cause of WWI.
  26. 44. Militaristic and nationalistic leader of Germany during the last decade of the 1800s and most of WWI.
  27. 45. Battle fought from September 5-12, 1914, resulting in an Allied victory against Germany.
  28. 46. Demand or threat that is final.
  29. 47. Region along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.
  30. 48. Reigned as King of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934.
  31. 49. High-ranking senior military officer in the army.