X-ray Projections

2. 15° caudal PA projection of the skull demonstrating the sinuses well and any orbital fractures.
4. 30° caudal AP projection of the skull to assess for fractures and Paget’s disease with visualisation of the petrous ridges.
5. View demonstrating the radial head when querying fracture or dislocation.
10. PA projection of the skull with the OML at 37° to assess for facial fractures.
12. Commonly used in paediatric imaging to assess for slipped capital femoral epiphysis and perthes disease.
13. Hands are positioned like they’re catching a ball to assess for rheumatoid arthritis.
15. Visualisation of the lateral and medial malleoli of the distal fibula and tibia in profile with opened tibiotalar joint.
16. View of the pelvis where the ASIS is at the superior border of the x-ray. Usually done post op hip.

1. Special projection to image lateral hips when both hips are immobile or querying for fracture.
3. View to detect osteoarthritis in the knee with femoral condyles free from superimposition and intercondylar fossa in profile.
6. Projection to look at the glenohumeral joint.
7. Inferior-superior projection of the patella.
8. View demonstrating C1 and C2 to assess for odontoid and Jefferson’s fracture.
9. View to better demonstrate lung apices especially when querying TB. Patient positioned with arched back.
11. Projection to visualise C7-T1 laterally.
14. Projection to diagnose femoroacetabular impingement with patient’s hip flexed 90° and abducted 20°.