Across
- 2. mechanism of energy transfer in which atoms or molecules give off energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
- 4. measure of how much thermal energy a substance requires to increase its temperature by a certain amount
- 6. substance that can absorb and retain a “pool” or reservoir of energy without undergoing a change of state
- 7. measurement that describes the amount of water vapour in air
- 10. process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat
- 11. temperature at which air is saturated with water vapour so that it condenses and falls as precipitation
- 12. transfer of thermal energy between two substances that are in direct physical contact
- 13. made up of land-forming continental crust above sea level and oceanic crust at the ocean bottom
- 15. physical conditions of the atmosphere at a specific time and place
Down
- 1. set of environmental conditions averaged over many years
- 3. mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases that extends more than 700 km above Earth’s surface
- 5. all the areas on and under the lithosphere, in the atmosphere, and the hydrosphere that are inhabited by life
- 6. water on or near Earth’s surface in all its forms (solid, liquid, gas)
- 8. pressure exerted by air on its surroundings due to the weight of the air
- 9. transfer of thermal energy by the vertical movement of heated material from one place to another
- 14. thermal energy that is transferred from one object to another
- 16. numerical measure of the reflectivity of a surface