Across
- 2. Pasma cells are fused with myeloma (cancer cells) to produce these antibody producing cells.
- 5. Produced the first vaccine from cow pox.
- 6. Histamines can cause these responses in people- e.g. due to cat fur.
- 7. the pathogen to phagocytes.
- 8. The type of cell which ingests and then presents antigens.
- 12. The type of cells found in connective tissues that secrete histamines in response to infections.
- 16. Vaccines often used dead or .......... versions of a pathogen to stimulate and immune response.
- 17. Process which leads to immunity through creating an immune response in a person so that memory cells remain in them and a fast response is generated if the pathogen is encountered.
- 19. Would occur if blood group A received blood from group B donors. Would cause death.
- 21. The first infectious disease to be eradicated by humans.
- 23. Antibodies of one type which are produced for use in pregnancy testing kits.
- 24. Cause and immune response and the generation of antibodies. Present on the surface of cells.
- 26. Blood group where no additional antigens are present on the surface of cells.
- 27. The process where antibodies make a pathogen more recognizable to
- 28. Two words. Faster and stronger than the initial immune response due to memory cells being present.
- 29. Two words. Remain behind after infection to trigger a fast immune response to the same antigen.
- 30. The system which is activated by antibodies binding to pathogens and which leads to holes (perforations) being formed in the pathogen's cell membrane.
Down
- 1. Once the desired hybridoma is selected and know to produce the correct antibody, this is used to create a lot more copies of the same cell.
- 2. Chemicals that cause the dilation of small blood vessels and them becoming 'leaky' so that more of the immune system components can reach the area.
- 3. The type of cell that helps the immune response by taking antigens to the correct B-cell.
- 4. The type of cell that produces large quantities of antibodies.
- 9. Two words. The process of selecting the correct B cell with a matching receptors to the antigen.
- 10. The hormone which is tested for using monoclonal antibodies in pregnancy testing kits.
- 11. Histamines cause this response which makes as area look red and swollen.
- 13. Dangerous swelling response which can be caused in allergic reactions due to histamines.
- 14. When antibodies can prevent toxins from harming cells.
- 15. Histamines bind to these in the nose, causing hay fever symptoms.
- 18. Blood group which are universal receivers and can accept blood from any group as they don't form antibodies to either A or B antigens.
- 20. When a pathogen can cross the species barrier- eg Bird flu.
- 22. so they are more readily engulfed. Once bound, they can
- 25. The study of causes and consequences of disease through collection of population data.