Across
- 1. A functional group (-COOH) found in organic acids, such as amino acids and fatty acids, contributing acidity.
- 2. The basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
- 4. A reactive nonmetal (atomic number 15) essential in DNA, RNA, and energy transfer molecules like ATP.
- 7. Refers to the functional group (-NHâ‚‚) present in amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
- 11. The substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
- 12. A Swedish chemist (last name) who introduced the concept of Organic Chemistry.
- 13. The lightest element (atomic number 1), commonly found in water and organic molecules, and plays a key role in chemical reactions.
- 17. A property of molecules with an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.
- 18. A negatively charged ion, formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.
- 20. A positively charged ion, formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
- 21. A specific outcome expected based on a hypothesis, often stated in an "if-then" format.
- 23. A branch of chemistry that studies compounds primarily made of carbon atoms, often including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements.
- 24. The substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution, often water in biological systems.
Down
- 1. An acronym for the six most common elements in living organisms: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.
- 2. A nonmetallic element (atomic number 7) essential for the formation of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- 3. An ancient Greek philosopher who proposed early theories of matter, suggesting it was composed of four elements: earth, water, air, and fire.
- 5. The ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a solvent to form a solution.
- 6. An essential element with the atomic number 6, found in all organic compounds and the basis of life on Earth.
- 8. A type of lipid molecule that forms the bilayer of cell membranes, consisting of hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails.
- 9. A nonmetallic element (atomic number 16) important in the structure of proteins and enzymes.
- 10. A vital element (atomic number 8) involved in respiration and essential for combustion and energy production.
- 14. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where the solute is evenly distributed within the solvent.
- 15. A type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve stability.
- 16. A testable explanation or prediction for a scientific observation or question written in a specific format.
- 18. A medieval precursor to modern chemistry that combined science, philosophy, and mysticism.
- 19. Factors in an experiment that can be changed, controlled, or measured to test a hypothesis.
- 22. Refers to elements or compounds that are present in extremely small amounts but are essential for biological processes.