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Across
  1. 4. a big advanced society with food surplus, specialization, cities, government, bureaucracy, army, organized religion, social hierarchy, long-distance trading relationships. Also a judgy term that tends to mean whatever a given society thinks makes it special and advanced. This can include arts and culture, a sense of law and order, etc.
  2. 9. when people figured out how to farm their food instead of chasing after it and could settle in one place; Effects: more food, specialization, more people, more disease, more complex societies with governments, religions, trade systems, warfare, less equality, social hierarchy, more patriarchy, civilization
  3. 14. a term used by civilizations to describe people who don’t fit in – this can mean nomadic hunter-gatherers at the border, or it can mean anyone who is perceived to be uncivilized because they don’t follow the laws or value systems of a given civilization. A biased term
  4. 15. prejudice in favor or against a person, group, or point of view (either intentional or subconscious)
  5. 16. people who moved from place to place (nomadic) to find food (hunting and gathering); all humans lived this way before the Neolithic Revolution; some to live this way even today
  6. 17. 's Code - one of the first legal codes (set of laws) created in a Mesopotamian civilization - supported power structure by having different punishments for different classes
  7. 18. surplus more food than you need for just yourself for the short-term survival; allows societies to become more complex and do long-term things like build big buildings
  8. 19. farming
Down
  1. 1. an early river valley civilization found in the Middle East – one of the first civilizations, invented writing & had the Code of Hammurabi
  2. 2. a social system in which men have power and influence over women
  3. 3. society divided into different classes based on how much power each class has
  4. 5. time period before writing existed
  5. 6. People beginning to have skilled, specific jobs (warrior, potter, weaver, priest, etc.)
  6. 7. sources of information written during the time period a historian is studying (ex: a historian studying Ancient Rome could use Julius Caesar’s diary)
  7. 8. Sources of information written after and about the time period a historian is studying (ex: textbook)
  8. 10. a society based on equality between members of the community
  9. 11. the story about the past historians tell based on primary and secondary sources
  10. 12. any institution or system in society that keeps the social hierarchy the way it is (laws, etc).
  11. 13. a political territory organized under one government (similar to how we usually use the word "country")
  12. 16. the study of how historical narratives are written, the differences between them, and how they change over time