16th Century

1. An Italian navigator and explorer.
5. A small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th–17th centuries.
7. The last Inca Emperor. After defeating his brother, Atahualpa became very briefly the last Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire before the Spanish conquest ended his reign.
9. A person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent.
10. A Portuguese explorer and a subject of the Hispanic Monarchy from 1518.
11. A Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil.
14. An Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term "America" is derived.
16. An Italian explorer and navigator who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.

2. A Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.
3. Queen of Castile from 1474 until her death in 1504, as well as Queen consort of Aragon from 1479 until 1504 by virtue of her marriage to King Ferdinand II of Aragon.
4. A Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.
6. A Portuguese mariner and explorer.
8. A member of the indigenous people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th century.
12. An economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy.
13. A conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
15. A group of people of one nationality or ethnic group living in a foreign city or country.