Across
- 5. The process by which ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle.
- 6. The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
- 8. forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
- 10. is the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it.
- 11. igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface.
- 14. The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface.
- 15. a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
- 16. This results from a force pressing on an area.
- 17. igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath Earth's surface.
- 19. how light is reflected from a mineral's surface.
- 20. A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.
- 25. A deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle.
- 27. when minerals that are dissolved in solution crystallize.
- 29. The direct transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves.
- 30. the process that presses sediments together.
- 33. A break or crack in Earth's lithosphere along which the rocks move.
- 34. What is the name of the scientists that came up with the theory of the continental drift/pangaea?
- 36. how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way.
- 37. is a sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together.
- 39. a minerals ability to split easily along flat surfaces.
- 41. A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
- 42. A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
- 43. forms from the cooling magma or lava.
Down
- 1. The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.
- 2. The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor.
- 3. An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced.
- 4. a scale that ranks ten minerals from softest to hardest.
- 7. The direct transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another substance that it is touching.
- 9. when a mineral cannot form from material that were once part of a living thing.
- 12. The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.
- 13. This describes a type of metamorphic rock that does not split into layers.
- 15. The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.
- 18. the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock or soil.
- 21. A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth.
- 22. a series of processes on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another.
- 23. A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth.
- 24. A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions.
- 26. the color of a minerals powder.
- 27. This is a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor.
- 28. metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands.
- 31. The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents.
- 32. forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
- 35. forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers.
- 38. the repeating pattern of a mineral's particles.
- 40. is the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together.