Across
- 3. or page — At about age 15, a boy who is training to become a knight reaches this rank and remains there until he becomes a knight.
- 6. — Term used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople (now Istanbul).
- 11. — Serfs who were required to turn over most of what they grew in order to be allowed to live on the land.
- 12. — A boy who is learning a trade (job skill) from a master craftsman.
- 14. — Arabic word meaning God. Part of the faith of Islam.
- 15. — The land owned by a noble, often consisting of a castle, a small village and farmland.
- 16. — After about seven years of working as an apprentice, a boy becomes a journeyman. He can now be paid for his work.
- 19. — Plague caused by a bacterium and characterized especially by the formation of buboe.
- 21. — Religious workers who lived in monasteries and devoted their lives to prayer. They copied books by hand before the printing press was invented.
- 25. — An Arab religious, political and military leader who founded Islam. According to Islamic traditions, Muhammad began receiving revelations from Allah at age 40.
Down
- 1. — The working people of the Middle Ages. They sometimes remained free, but often became serfs who were bound to the lord of the manor. It was akin to slavery, but serfs could not be sold.
- 2. — Group of Vikings who settled in Normandy, France. They adopted the French language and Christian faith, invaded England in 1066 and put William the Conqueror in power. They ruled England for 300 years.
- 4. — A religion founded on the life and teachings of Jesus. Christianity was an important influence of the Middle Ages.
- 5. — Generally, sons of lords who train to defend the manor and the kingdom.
- 7. — The period from the fall of the Roman Empire (476) to the Renaissance (about 1450). Also called the Middle Ages.
- 8. — The system of inheritance where all property is handed down to the oldest son, who becomes lord of the manor upon the death of the father.
- 9. — A job skill.
- 10. — The system that grants land to nobles in exchange for their loyalty to the king.
- 13. — A series of military conflicts waged by Christians against the Muslim countries of the Middle East from 1095-1291. The conflicts usually were sanctioned by the pope in the name of Christendom. The goal was to recapture Jerusalem from Muslim rule.
- 17. — A follower of the Islam religion.
- 18. — Small communities of religious workers who lived and worked together.
- 20. — The part of the world in which Christianity prevails.
- 22. — The total surrender of oneself to Allah. Muslims believe that God revealed the Koran to Muhammad and that Muhammad is God’s final prophet.
- 23. — System where trades were taught and controlled by “masters.” See apprentice and journeymen.
- 24. Ages — The beginning of the Middle Ages.