Stem Cells

2. toti-_____ to uni-______
7. conversion of one differentiated cell type into another; lineage conversion
10. Stable changes in cell fate, often experimentally induced
12. middle germ layer
13. stage of embryonic development when pluripotent stem cells are lost and when the 3 germ layers are generated
17. Future identity of the basic biological unit of life; maintained by epigenetic control
18. Potential of a cell to give rise to all 3 germ layers; linked with unique epigenetic control of gene regulation
22. Special cells that can give rise to many different cell types; hot topic in developmental biology and medicine
23. Process of increasing cell number

1. Cell that can give rise to all cells of an organism; ex. zygotes
3. moral principles; something we must consider with the potential of embryonic stem cells
4. type of cell/organ that can be reprogrammed to become embryonic stem cells; covers our entire body
5. undifferentiated stem cells that will differentiate to become gametes
6. germ layer that covers the outside of the embryo
8. how stem cells stay pluripotent; infinite replication ability, technically
9. innermost germ layer
11. what stem cells are useful for; systematic investigation; a study
14. shows different "valleys" indicating different developmental potentials
15. what stem cells are useful for; for example, replacing damaged cells that our bodies can't replace naturally; treatment intended to heal
16. when differentiated cells are reprogrammed back into an embryonic-like pluripotent state; the "i" in iPSCs
19. may arise during the reprogramming process; mutations may arise with time or with the increase in number of cell divisions
20. the smallest units of life; often referred to as the building blocks of life
21. Differentiation ______; correlated with the epigenetic pattern of each cell population (e.g. totipotent, pluripotent)