Across
- 1. An a____ process is a type of thermodynamic process which occurs without transferring heat or mass between the system and its surroundings.
- 5. The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by s____ stress or tensile stress.
- 6. Heat transfer coefficient is the ratio of heat f____ to the temperature difference.
- 7. E____ is a property of a thermodynamic system, and is defined as the sum of the system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.
- 8. The e____ is the effectiveness in emitting energy as thermal radiation.
- 10. In the experiment, we can compare the heat transfer performance of the material by the steady-state temperature d____.
- 12. A p____ is the line which a given fluid particle follows.
- 15. (Pa s) is the SI unit of d____ viscosity.
- 16. The p____ coefficient is a dimensionless number which describes the relative pressures throughout a flow field in fluid dynamics.
- 17. The B____ number which is defined as hL/k is a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer calculations. If this value is smaller than 1, the temperature field will be uniform inside the object.
- 18. In a p____ tube, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy.
- 21. Viscosity can be conceptualized as quantifying the internal f____ force that arises between adjacent layers of fluid that are in relative motion.
- 22. One of the methods of flow visualization is to drop d____ into the liquid.
- 23. A stall is a reduction in the l____ coefficient generated by a foil as the angle of attack increases.
- 26. If a surface is assumed to be one for which α=ε, then this surface is a g____ surface.
- 27. T____ deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. In particular, it describes how thermal energy is converted to and from other forms of energy and how it affects matter.
- 28. A streamline is a line drawn such that the v____ vector at every point along the line is tangent to the line.
Down
- 2. Heat can be transferred by three common methods: c____, convection and radiation.
- 3. P____ energy is the energy stored within an object, due to the object's position, arrangement or state. It is one of two main forms of energy, along with kinetic energy.
- 4. In the radiation experiment, the temperature with the shield will be higher because of the r____ heat.
- 9. The difference of d____ in the fluid is the key driving mechanism of natural convection.
- 11. S____-P____ is felt when the fluid is at rest or when the measurement is taken when traveling along with the fluid flow.
- 13. C____ engine gives the estimate of the maximum possible efficiency.
- 14. In hydropower experiment, flow rate depends on different h____ diameters. The flow velocity increases with wider h____ diameters.
- 19. An i____ process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature of the system remains constant: ΔT = 0.
- 20. In t____ heat transfer, the temperature will rise until it reaches a steady state.
- 24. The higher heating value (HHV) indicates the upper limit of the available thermal energy produced by a c____ combustion of fuel.
- 25. A two-stroke engine is a type of internal combustion engine that completes a power cycle with two strokes (up and down movements) of the p____ during only one crankshaft revolution.