Across
- 2. the hotness or coldness of a substance, stated in degrees; a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.
- 4. a rigid state of matter in which the particles align in a fixed arrangement. A solid substance has an unchanging shape and volume
- 5. a material made of only one kind of element or compund; not a mixture
- 10. the change in state from a gas to a liquid caused by removing energy. Condensation occurs at the dew point and is the opposite of vaporization
- 13. two or more chemically bonded atoms. Molecules can be made of just one kind of element or a combination of elements
- 15. a charged atom or group of atoms caused by a charge imbalance, which is produced by an unequal numberof protons and electron
- 16. work is done when a force acts on a moving object in the same or opposite direction of its motion or when energy is transferred from one object to another
- 19. a change of one element into another element by changes occuring in the nucleus of the atom. Nuclear changes can occur when atoms emit or absorb rays or particles. It can also occur in nuclear reactions when atoms split apart through fission or join together through fusion.
- 20. the force of gravitational attraction between an object's mass and its resident planet
- 22. Anything that has mass and takes up space; a physical substance
- 25. a push or a pull on an object
- 26. scientific law that states that matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only transfer between objects or transform to a different form. Also called the law of conservation of matter and energy
- 27. A physical combination of two or more substances. Mixtures can be separated by physical means.
- 28. a fluid state of matter made of extremely hightemperature ionized particles. Plasmas have both a changeable shape and volume. Since stars are made of plasm, it is the most common state of matter in the universe
- 31. the change in state from a gas directly to a solid caused by removing energy. Depostion is the opposite of sublimation
- 32. the change of state from a solid ot a liquid at the melting point that is caused by adding energy. Melting is the opposite of freezing.
Down
- 1. a pure substance substance made of only one kind of atom
- 3. a change in matter that doesn't alter its chemical identity. Physical changes include changes of state, changing shape, polishing, dussilving etc.
- 6. the measure of the amount of matter in an object
- 7. a pure substance formed by chemically combining two or more elements
- 8. the change in state form a liquid to a solid caused by reomoving energy. Freezing is the opposite of melting.
- 9. the smallest neutral particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element
- 11. the change form one pure substance to another by rearrangement of atoms in a chemical reaction. We typically recognize chemical changes by a change in color, change in energy, formation of a gas, and/or formation of a solid.
- 12. the change of state from a liquid to a gas below the boiling point but above the freezing point. Evaporation is a form of vaportization that occurs when particles near the surface of the liquid gain sufficient energy to escape the liquid
- 14. the change in state from a solid directly to a gas caused by adding energy. Sublimation is the oposite of depostion
- 17. The physical form of matter described by its physical characteristics. The state of a pure substance largely depends on its temperature. Matter can be a solod, liquid, gas, or plasma. Phase of matter is another term for state of matter
- 18. the change in state form a liquid to a gas caused by adding energy. Vaporization is the opposite of condensation
- 21. the attraction force between any two objects based on their masses. The strength of gravity decreases rapidly as the two objects move apart
- 23. the change of state form a liquid to a gas at the boiling point. Boiling is a form of vvaporization that occur when the pressure i nthe liquid exceeds the atmospheric pressure.
- 24. the ability to do work. Energy exists in many forms and can transfer between objects or change form.
- 29. a fluid state of matter in which the particles are free to move but are held close to each other. A liquid substance has an unchanging volume but a changeable shape.
- 30. the amount of space that an object occupies
- 33. a fluid state of matter in which the particles move so fast and are so far apart as to have little interaction with each other. Gases have both a changeable shape and volume.