The Enlightenment

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Across
  1. 4. The idea of Observation; Hypothesis; Experimentation; Analysis; Conclusion.
  2. 5. Due to its wide array of Enlightenment thinker’s ideas, it was believed to be the most “enlightened” document written at the time.
  3. 10. Also called the French and Indian War, it allied American colonists with the British shortly before the American Revolution.
  4. 13. Based many of his ideas on Locke when he wrote the Declaration of Independence.
  5. 14. Art movement and musical style defined as “grand and ornate”.
  6. 15. Social critics of the Enlightenment time period.
  7. 20. Thought that governments should exist to insure life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness for all its people.
  8. 21. Many of this document’s ideas were advocated by Voltaire, Rousseau, and Locke.
  9. 22. Considered one of the most brilliant of the philosophes, he quoted, “I do not agree with a word you say but I will defend to death your right to say it.”
  10. 26. Felt that the justice system should exist to preserve social order and not to avenge crimes and thought that capital punishment should be abolished.
  11. 28. Invented the microscope.
  12. 31. Developed a thermometer that used mercury.
  13. 32. Argued that civilization corrupted people and said, “man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” He also felt that all people should be equal under the eyes of a government.
  14. 35. This “Great” monarch extended religious freedom and reduced censorship in Prussia and was considered one of the leading Enlightenment despots.
  15. 36. Collected articles and essays from other philosophes and published them in multiple volumes known as the Encyclopedia.
  16. 39. Using germs from a cattle disease on humans to prevent smallpox, this physician produced the first vaccination.
  17. 43. This document pre-empted the U.S. Constitution and proved to too weak to unify a country on.
  18. 44. Began in the mid-1500s and was a new way of thinking about the “natural world” and it challenged the ideas of ancient thinkers.
Down
  1. 1. Came up with the idea of a Sun-centered universe and didn’t publicize it until just before his died.
  2. 2. An intellectual movement that stressed reason, thought, and the power of individuals to solve problems.
  3. 3. Was one of the first scientists to dissect corpses to study the human anatomy.
  4. 6. Wrote the Leviathan and claimed that humans are “selfish and wicked” and need to be controlled by an absolute power.
  5. 7. Claimed that all physical objects are affected by the same force and he called that force “gravity”.
  6. 8. Art movement defined as “simple and elegant”.
  7. 9. Wanted to abolish serfdom and the death penalty and was able to gain control of the Black Sea. Something no other Russian ruler was ever able to do.
  8. 11. Continuing with Brahe’s findings, this person advanced Copernicus’ idea even further by confirming that the planets moved in elliptical patterns and not circular.
  9. 12. Musical style of the Enlightenment period.
  10. 16. Felt that women should be educated as much as men so they could be equally as helpful in society. Her daughter wrote Frankenstein.
  11. 17. Most influential salon hostess during the Enlightenment.
  12. 18. A type of thinking, supported by Newton’s discoveries, which claims that the universe is like a big clock and that God is the clock maker.
  13. 19. Built a telescope that discovered Jupiter’s 4 moons and dark spots on the sun. He wrote about them in Starry Messenger.
  14. 23. Observed bacteria through a microscope for the first time.
  15. 24. Recorded the movements of the planets as going circular around the sun.
  16. 25. Believing that Great Britain was the best-governed country in the world, he advocated that other nations follow suit in having a separation of powers within the government.
  17. 27. Encouraged scientists to adopt the experimental method or empiricism.
  18. 29. Social gatherings of philosophers, artists, scientists, writers, etc.
  19. 30. Termed used to define a monarch during the Enlightenment who was influenced by its “thinkers”.
  20. 33. Invented the barometer.
  21. 34. Laws imposed on American colonists by the British to control trade and shipping to and from the Americas.
  22. 37. Originally came up with the idea of an Earth-centered universe.
  23. 38. By asserting that everything should be doubted until proved by reason, he concluded, for certain, that he existed by claiming, “I think, therefore, I am.”
  24. 40. Forced Galileo to denounce his and Copernicus’ findings or be persecuted by the Inquisition.
  25. 41. City where the Enlightenment reached its peak.
  26. 42. Considered the founder of modern chemistry.