Across
- 5. a racial classification used to refer to a person of a combined European and Indigenous American ancestry
- 9. a business venture in which investors bought shares of stock in a company
- 10. selling more goods than are being bought
- 12. a Portuguese mariner and explorer who was the first European navigator to round the southern tip of Africa in 1488
- 13. a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area
- 15. a Portuguese explorer and Hispanic Monarchy's subject from 1518 best known for having planned and led the 1519 Spanish expedition to the East Indies across the Pacific
- 17. Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas
- 18. the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies and later to North and South America
- 19. the enslaving and owning of human beings and their offspring as property, able to be bought, sold, and forced to work without wages, as distinguished from other systems of forced, unpaid, or low-wage labor also considered to be slavery
- 20. a richer, more powerful trading company than the British East India Company that controlled much of the spice trade in the Indian Ocean
Down
- 1. the transportation by slave traders of various enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas
- 2. the global transfer of food, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas
- 3. an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 that was fiercely competitive with the Dutch and French throughout the 17th and 18th centuries over spices from the Spice Islands
- 4. the Navigator and a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion
- 6. Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century
- 7. a treaty signed by Spain and Portugal that honored a line splitting the lands that would be Spain’s and Portugal’s
- 8. used to refer to the trade in the 18th and 19th centuries that involved shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, these slaves being shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other commodities which were in turn shipped back to Britain
- 11. the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868
- 14. theory that held a country’s power depended mainly on its wealth
- 16. the last Inca Emporer