Biology Crossword

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Across
  1. 3. Complete mapping of the 20,000 genes found in the human genetic code; 13-year project done by sequencing the base pairs of human DNA
  2. 4. Test used to identify individuals (crime scenes) and catalogue endangered species
  3. 7. occurs when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted in the coding region of a gene; also called additions or deletions
  4. 9. Ribonucleic acid (ribose sugar); often carries the message of DNA
  5. 10. Messenger RNA; end product of transcription, leaves nucleus to deliver the genetic message of DNA to the ribosomes
  6. 11. Use of DNA to treat genetic disorders and diseases, by replacing mutated genes with functional genes or genes to produce proteins
  7. 12. Technique used to create a DNA fingerprint by separating fragments of DNA molecules through an electrically charged field
  8. 14. Molecules that are assembling into proteins at the ribosomes; monomers or proteins
  9. 15. The form of DNA coiled and packed in the nucleus (becomes individual chromosomes when it condenses before cell division)
  10. 16. Transfer RNA; molecule that bonds with amino acids and transfers them to ribosomes for protein synthesis/translation
  11. 19. An organism with genes inserted from another organism to achieve a purpose (human insulin-producing bacteria)
Down
  1. 1. Monomer of nucleic acid - made up of a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
  2. 2. First step in producing proteins - making mRNA from DNA so the genetic message can leave the nucleus; occurs in the nucleus
  3. 5. Make up the internal structure of DNA and RNA: Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine (or Uracil); "stairsteps" of the ladder
  4. 6. 3 mRNA nucleotides in sequence to code for 1 amino acid
  5. 8. Process of assembling amino acids into proteins from the information coded in RNA; occurs at the ribosomes
  6. 9. Ribosomal RNA; molecule that composes ribosomes to aid in the process of translation
  7. 13. Occurs when one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another, often causes adverse effects in development or functioning of an organism (point mutation)
  8. 17. Organic compound made of amino acids that is responsible for cell specialization, gene expression, growth, repair, and many critical cellular functions
  9. 18. Deoxyribonucleic acid (deoxyribose sugar); polymer of nucleotides that contains all hereditary information; located in the nucleus