Across
- 1. any form of government in which the supreme powers of the state are exercised, or ceremoniously held, by a king, queen, emperor, or other regal potentate
- 5. an individual who rules arbitrarily and is not constitutionally responsible to the people or their elected representatives
- 6. one of the most important figures in modern European history
- 9. townspeople who had acquired a certain level of comfort through capitalist production or trade
- 11. the process by which the public votes for candidates for public office
- 14. when someone in an official capacity uses his or her position illegally to gain an advantage personally or for someone else
- 17. one of France's greatest writers and philosophers of the 18th century, as well as a leader of the Enlightenment
- 18. a major European historical turning point that transformed France from a monarchy to a republic
- 19. a form of government in which sovereign power resides in the electorate and is exercised by elected representatives who are responsible to the people
- 20. a governing body or class consisting of a hereditary nobility.
Down
- 2. a collection of laws and principles under which a government or other organization operates
- 3. the current state of affairs
- 4. the king of France during the early stages of the French Revolution
- 7. a European cultural and philosophical movement that grew out of new methods of inquiry and new theories of personal freedom
- 8. a person of the lower class who works as a landowner or agricultural laborer
- 10. the historical period in which modern methods of scientific inquiry were established
- 12. a medieval fortress in Paris, France that was used as a prison in the 18th century
- 13. a general term denoting various forms of compulsory military service.
- 15. a French royal house descended from Louis IX in the 13th century that became firmly established only in the 17th century, along with a tradition of absolute monarchy in France
- 16. government by the people—of one person, one vote—rather than the rule of a single individual (monarchy) or a small group (aristocracy)
