Across
- 1. A sentence made up of one main and one or more subordinate or dependent clauses
- 6. when a contrast is evident between what a character says and what the character actually means.
- 8. A commonly occurring phrase in speech e.g. you know
- 10. Sounds which release a sudden burst of air e.g. p,b,t
- 11. The use of apparently contradictory words in a phrase
- 13. A name of a distinctive person, place or other unique reference
- 15. A word that shows relationships between nouns or pronouns e.g. on
- 16. A repetition of similar initial vowel sounds followed by similar consonant sounds, results in rhyme.
- 19. Persuasive device: appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by use of logic or reason. (e.g. using facts, stats. Etc.)
- 20. A word that modifies verbs, adverbs, adjectives, conjunctions and prepositions
- 22. A group of words joined by similarities
- 23. the placing together of sentences, clauses, or phrases without aconjunctive word or words I came———I saw—I conquered.
- 24. A deliberate understatement, used for emphasis, or to create a humorous effect. Understatement occurs when we say less than we actually mean, or use less emphasis than the context requires or deserves.
- 25. A word that emphasizes the extremes e.g. best, worst
- 27. To place two or more things side by side
- 29. A contrast between ideas by placing them together for (often rhetorical or literary) effect. The arrangement of contrasting words, sentences, or ideas in a balanced grammatical structure.
- 30. Consonant sounds articulated with a hissing sound e.g. s,z
- 33. The recurring ideas and images in a text. The theme is the central idea of a story, usually implied rather than
- 34. Flat-characters stereotyped, shallow and often symbolic. These characters exhibit only one or two personality traits.
- 36. A grammatical structure in which the subject and object can change places in order to alter the focus of a sentence e.g. the bone was eaten by the dog
- 38. A sentence expressing a question
- 44. a recurring subject, theme, idea, etc., especially in a literary, artistic, or musical work.
- 45. Saying the same thing more than once
- 46. Words that express states, actions or processes
- 48. Words used when hesitating in speech, um, er
- 52. A naming word
- 53. narrative (usually poetry or prose)
- 56. A name that refers to a group of people, animals or things
- 57. A descriptive or metaphorical use of language to create a vivid picture. Descriptions and figures of speech that help the mind to form forceful or beautiful pictures.
- 59. The omission of part of a sentence
- 60. The main argument (claim) in a non-fiction work expressed in a statement. A strong thesis expresses a significant assertion.
- 62. What the text is about
- 65. The rhythmic arrangement of syllables in verse, usually according to the number and kind of metrical feet in a line.
- 66. A word that modifies a noun or pronoun
- 68. Language interaction with two or more participants
- 70. Things outside the text which may shape its meaning e.g. when it was written, and who wrote it
- 71. A description which does not compare one thing with another but actually becomes the other. An implied comparison between two different things, which does not use the words like or as in the comparison; a word or phrase that ordinarily means one thing is used to describe another thing in order to suggest a likeness between the two.
- 73. The use of a closely related term to represent an object with which it is associated.
- 74. A mid-line pause in a line of poetry (through use of punctuation)
- 75. The emotional appeal, means to persuade an audience by appealing to their emotions.
- 76. A device in which a word or phrase represents something else. Characters, objects, events, and settings can all be symbolic.
- 77. when the author shares with the reader information not known by a character. As a result, the reader becomes aware that a character’s actions may be inappropriate for the actual circumstances, that what is to come is the reverse of what a character expects, or that a character has unknowingly made a comment which anticipates the outcome.
- 79. A repetition of the same or similar stressed vowel sounds
- 80. A sentences that Expresses a a statement in an emphatic (determined) way
Down
- 2. A word that replaces a term seen by society as taboo or unpleasant. The use of inoffensive, mild or vague words in place of harsher, more blunt ones. Euphemisms are often used to reduce the risk of offending or upsetting people.
- 3. The repetition of similar final consonant sounds.
- 4. Lexis Any variety that does not conform to the standard form as used by society e.g. using dialect or slang
- 5. A sentence made up of at least two main clauses joined together by a coordinating conjunction
- 7. The division of lines in a poem, also called a verse
- 9. When the environment mirrors emotions
- 12. The use of a word that closely resembles the sound to which it refers.
- 14. Deliberate exaggeration in order to emphasize a fact or a feeling. It can be used to create either a comic or serious effect.
- 17. The repetition of the same sound in the initial position in a sequence of words
- 18. when a set of circumstances turns out differently from what is expected or considered appropriate.
- 21. A sentence that expresses strong emotions
- 26. Persuasive device: an ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author’s credibility or character.
- 28. Foreshadowing is a device which hints or warns of events to happen later in the story. Foreshadowing prepares the reader for the climax, the “denouement”, and any changes in the character.
- 31. stated. The theme should not be confused with either moral or plot.
- 32. A word that replaces a noun and refers to specific people or things
- 35. (in ancient Greek and Roman drama) a god introduced into a play to resolve the entanglements of the plot. any artificial or improbable device resolving the difficulties of a plot.
- 37. The time and place when and where a story takes place.
- 39. The emotion the voice the text is written in. The attitude of the author toward his/her subject. Examples include, but are not restricted to serious, playful, formal and informal; or acerbic, emotional, sarcastic.
- 40. the use of a conjunction between each word, phrase, or clause. It gives a feeling of multiplicity and building up. E.g.They read and studied and wrote and drilled.
- 41. A sentence that expresses a command
- 42. A device which directly compares two things using like or as
- 43. The point of view from which a story is told. Short stories may be told from the first person (the narrator refers to him or herself as “I”), the second person (the reader is included as a character in the story) or the third person (the narrator refers to characters as he or she and is omniscient or semi-omniscient).
- 47. Dynamic-characters these characters undergo some type of change or development in a story, often because of something that happens to them.
- 49. The associations attached to a word in addition to its dictionary definition
- 50. convincing, true to life – these characters exhibit many different and sometimes even contradictory personality traits.
- 51. of address The point of view of the text i.e. first, second or third person
- 54. Run-on lines
- 55. The mood of a story is the pervading feeling created by the story. Cacophony The use of unpleasant sounds or rhythms to create a jarring effect.
- 58. The first Act of a play is usually referred to as the exposition. The function of the exposition is to provide the reader with the information that he or she needs to know in order to understand and appreciate what is to follow, to introduce some of the characters, to establish the mood and atmosphere of the play and to get the action off to a good start.
- 59. The musical effect achieved when a poet uses words and phrases that create pleasant, harmonious sounds and rhythms.
- 61. The patterning of pairs of sounds, words or structures to create a sense of balance
- 63. the repetition of the same word/phrase in a succession of phrases or sentences. Anaphora is often used to establish rhetorical or 'literary' effect.
- 64. A special form of metaphor in which human characteristics are attributed to animals, inanimate objects or ideas.
- 67. A two line verse (often rhyming)
- 69. a form of figurative language in which reference is made to text, event, person or place. (like other characters or stories). A brief, indirect reference to a historical or literary person, event or object. The writer assumes that the reader will recognize the reference and superimpose the ideas and meaning associated with it into the current context.
- 72. A name to describe things that have no physical qualities e.g. emotions like hatred
- 78. Listing of three items