Across
- 3. (7,6) a tributary valley to the main glacier, too cold and high up for ice to be able to easily move. It therefore was not eroded as much as the lower main valley, and today is often the site for a waterfall crashing several hundred metres to the main valley floor.
- 5. a deep circular lake filling a corrie hollow.
- 7. (8,7) a prominent ridge of rock debris dumped at the end of a glacier and formed of unsorted boulders, sand, gravel and clay.
- 8. a slope of loose, large angular rocks broken away from the mountainside by freeze-thaw weathering.
- 10. also known as Boulder Clay.
- 11. (6,7) found at the base of the glacier, a result of abrasion and plucking of the valley floor.
- 14. the wearing away of the land by rivers, ice sheets, waves and wind.
- 16. a warmer spell between ice ages, lasting about 10,000 years.
- 18. sharp, knife-like ridge formed between two corries cutting back.
- 19. a deep crack on the surface of an ice sheet or valley glacier.
- 21. the break-down or decomposition of rock by biological, physical or chemical processes.
- 25. frost-shattered rock debris and material eroded from the valley floor and sides, transported and deposited by glaciers.
- 27. welsh word for corrie/cirque.
- 28. (9,4) a former river valley spur which has been sliced off by a valley glacier.
- 32. rocks which have been transported and deposited by a glacier some distance from their source region.
- 33. (3,5) huge mass of ice covering the landscape that moves very slowly. Only the mountain peaks protrude above the ice.
- 34. (10,8) avalanches of snow collecting at the back wall of a corrie exert great pressure, forcing the ice out of the front of the hollow in a rotational movement, similar to the pushing of jelly from bowl.
- 35. armchair-shaped hollow in the mountainside formed by glacial erosion and freeze-thaw weathering. This is where the valley glacier begins.
Down
- 1. (6,6) After the ice has melted and the river returns to the valley, it often looks tiny and out-of-place in its huge U-shaped trough.
- 2. a type of erosion where melt water in the glacier freezes onto rocks, and as the ice moves forward it plucks or pulls out large pieces along the rock joints.
- 4. (9,6) a river valley widened and deepened by the action of glaciers (ice sheets); they become ‘U’-shaped instead of the normal ‘V’-shape of a river valley.
- 6. (6,7) a narrow band of weathered rock debris which runs down the centre of the glacier. It forms from the merging of the lateral moraines of two glaciers.
- 9. (6,5) long, narrow lakes found in glaciated valleys formed in locations where the glacier had more erosive power, e.g. in areas of softer rock, where the valley gradient temporarily steepened or a tributary glacier joined the main valley.
- 12. (7,4) a rock with sharp edges
- 13. (9,4) where several corries cut back to meet at a central point, the mountain takes the form of a steep pyramid, e.g. the Matterhorn in the Alps.
- 15. (3,3) a period of colder climate when ice sheets form on the land, causing a lowering of sea level.
- 17. (7,7) a narrow band of rock debris which runs along the sides of a glacier resulting from ice erosion of the valley sides and freeze-thaw weathering on the bare rock above.
- 20. the end of the glacier where melting occurs.
- 22. (6,10) rocks looking like a sheep's head, one side smoothed and polished and the other plucked and jagged.
- 23. a deep crevasse found at the back wall of a corrie, formed as the ice moves away downhill.
- 24. (6,4) also called frost-shattering as it occurs in cold climates when temperatures are often around freezing point and where exposed rocks contain many cracks.
- 26. erosion caused by rocks and boulders in the base of the glacier acting like a giant file scratching and scraping the rocks below.
- 29. (or Fjord) a long, narrow, steep-sided inlet formed by glaciers and later drowned by a rise is sea level.
- 30. an sheet of ice that moves slowly down a river valley under the influence of gravity. This is often described as a river of ice.
- 31. (1,6,6) see Glaciated Valley.