Across
- 7. A set of two or more Lewis Structures that collectively describe the electronic bonding of a single polytomic species. The actual structure of the polyatomic ion is a combination of the resonance structures.
- 9. the lowest allowed energy state of an atom, molecule, or ion.
- 12. A substance that contains water molecule(s) within its structure.
- 14. the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the rate of chemical reactions
- 16. a chemical formula showing the simplest ratio of elements present in a compound.
- 18. Formed between atoms with different sized radii; the smaller atoms fill the spaces between the larger atoms.
- 19. Illustrates the forces between two atoms as a function of distance in covalent bonding.
- 21. a chemical compound formed when a acid gives a proton to a base
- 22. the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom.
Down
- 1. the attractive or repulsive forces between entire molecules due to differences in charge
- 2. a physical constant that describes the relationship between the energy of a photon and its frequency
- 3. substance that is found in the same state as the reactants and is seen at both the beginning and ending of the reaction
- 4. crystalline solids that are held together by the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions
- 5. Formed between atoms with similar radii; one atom substitutes another in the lattice
- 6. describes the strength of the electrostatic force (attraction or repulsion) between two charged objects.
- 8. the rate of a chemical reaction at a specific moment in time.
- 10. a chemical compound formed by the removal of a proton from an acid
- 11. the sequence of elementary steps by which a chemical reaction occurs
- 13. arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons and positively charged metal ions.
- 15. the step that requires the highest amount of activation energy and determines the overall rate of the reaction
- 17. the process of a molecule breaking into ions in a solution
- 20. occurs when an atom, molecule, or ion loses one or more electrons in a reaction