Across
- 2. Ca level above 10.2 mg/dL, causing lethargy, bone pain, and increased risk of kidney stones
- 7. A condition resulting from excessive water loss, leading to symptoms such as dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output, and hypotension
- 10. K level below 3.5 mEq/L, causing muscle weakness, cramping, and arrhythmias
- 12. Passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, driven by solute concentration gradients
- 14. Mg above 2.1 mg/dL, seen in conditions like renal failure and causing diminished reflexes
- 15. A clinical sign of hypocalcemia characterized by facial muscle spasm upon tapping the facial nerve
- 16. The fluid found between cells within tissues, acting as a medium for nutrient and waste exchange
- 17. A condition marked by a decrease in blood pH below 7.35, indicative of excessive hydrogen ion concentration
Down
- 1. A metabolic or respiratory disturbance leading to blood pH above 7.45, reflecting a deficit in hydrogen ions
- 2. Ca level below 8.6 mg/dL, leading to tetany, muscle spasms, and positive Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs
- 3. The fluid compartment outside cells, comprising plasma and interstitial fluid, vital for nutrient exchange
- 4. Mg less than 1.3 mg/dL, leading to symptoms such as muscle cramps and arrhythmias
- 5. The portion of extracellular fluid located within blood vessels, essential for circulatory function
- 6. A potentially life-threatening condition; K levels exceed 5.1 mEq/L, commonly affecting cardiac conduction
- 8. A sign of hypocalcemia where inflating a blood pressure cuff induces carpal spasm
- 9. Serum Na levels above 145 mEq/L, often causing neurological symptoms such as confusion and seizures
- 11. Na level below 135 mEq/L, causing cellular edema and potentially leading to neurological complications
- 13. A solution with the same osmolarity as blood plasma, preventing cell swelling or shrinking