Geography and the Mediterranean

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  1. 4. The Greek name for the Fertile Crescent, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, literally means "between" "rivers".
  2. 7. The largest stone building ever built stands over 482 feet high and contains over two million stone blocks.
  3. 8. As one of the Five Pillars of Islam, Muslims are asked to take one of these pilgrimages to Mecca once during their lifetime.
  4. 10. The "West Bank" in modern-day Israel refers to one side of this river.
  5. 12. Perfected by the Macedonians, and later turned into the Roman "tortoise", this Greek military formation was a deep rectangle of soldiers with spears and shields.
  6. 13. You can explore the Nazca Lines, Patagonia, Machu Picchu, the Atacama Desert, pampas, and Tierra Del Fuego if you visit this continent in the southern hemisphere.
  7. 16. These people invaded Egypt around 1720 BCE, took it over, and introduced chariots to the Egyptians. When the were finally driven out, the New Kingdom began.
  8. 18. On August 18th, 1869, this canal opened in Egypt, linking the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.
  9. 20. This is the second largest continent and contains the Namid desert, the Great Rift Valley, the Sahel, and the Congo River Basin. It is the birthplace of humanity.
  10. 21. The highest, driest, windiest, and coldest continent on planet Earth covers one fifth of the southern hemisphere.
  11. 22. This is the name for a follower of Islam.
  12. 23. Citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greek city-states who were primarily armed with spears & shields and fought on foot.
Down
  1. 1. King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom around 3100 BCE and began what we consider the first main period of Egyptian history.
  2. 2. Greek warship with three rows of oars and a battering ram on the front.
  3. 3. At one time the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, this Middle Eastern city once contained the House of Wisdom before it was destroyed by a Mongol invasion and the Tigris River ran black with the ink of destroyed books. It was also home to the first hospital in the Middle East.
  4. 4. The Roman Empire surrounded this sea and nicknamed it Mare Nostrum, "our sea".
  5. 5. First created in Athens, this form of government comes from two Greek words that mean "people" and "rule".
  6. 6. The chief Muslim civil and religious ruler of a caliphate, regarded as the successor of Muhammad.
  7. 9. This Egyptian god of the dead was often shown as a man with the head of a jackal (wild dog).
  8. 11. The flow of this long, inundating river in Africa is segmented by giant waterfalls called cataracts.
  9. 14. The first, aboriginal wave of migrants to this continent were able to walk here. Later immigrants, like the Polynesians, had to island hop to this continent that was once used as a giant prison by the British.
  10. 15. This is the term for the blending of Greek, Macedonian, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures due to Alexander the Great’s conquests.
  11. 17. Thought to possibly be the richest man to ever live, this ruler of Mali turned Timbuktu and Gao into sophisticated centers of learning in the Islamic world. While in Cairo, he met with the Sultan of Egypt, and his caravan spent and gave away so much gold that the overall value of gold decreased in Egypt for the next 12 years
  12. 19. The term "pharaoh" was never used in ancient times -- subjects would have said this to refer to an Egyptian dynasty or its ruler.
  13. 20. You should never get started in a land war in this largest continent -- unless you are the Mongolians.