Across
- 8. a collectivist culture where “?” and domestic tasks are shared among the community.
- 10. There is a correlation between income inequality and “?” behaviour.
- 11. Within these cultures, the needs of the individual are seen as more important than the needs of the group, and the individuals in the society view themselves as independent.
- 12. Similarly, when our Prime Minister of the time, Boris Johnson, was attending parties during the National lockdown, whereby we were not allowed to leave our homes (even to visit dying relatives), also triggered anti-social behaviour due to the “?” that people felt.
- 14. Tower (1997) investigated sharing behaviour in children from the UK and Russia. He found that children from Russia were more likely to choose resources that “?” others, whereas children from the UK were more likely to choose resources that “?” themselves.
- 16. 100% of Kenyan children, compared to 8% of American children, demonstrated what?
- 18. Whiting and Whiting (1975) found that children from Mexico and the Philippines generally acted in a more pro-social than those from Japan, India and the USA, but the most pro-social children were from where?
- 19. Being able to see injustice, for example, where a chosen few live in great wealth and most of the rest of the population live in poverty, can act as a “?” for anti-social behaviour such as vandalism, theft and aggressive acts.
- 20. children in collectivist cultures tend to be viewed as demonstrating more or less pro-social behaviour?
- 21. Researchers, Whiting and Whiting (1975), conducted a naturalistic observation of children aged three to eleven years in six different what?
Down
- 1. Children who are raised in collectivist cultures are often expected to help out with what?
- 2. Within these cultures, the needs of the group are seen as more important than the needs of the individual, and the individuals in the society view themselves as interdependent or connected to other people.
- 3. Piotrowska et al., (2015) found that there is a “?” between anti-social behaviour and social economic status: more reports of anti-social behaviour were associated with people who have lower income.
- 4. income inequality: this means countries who had a few people who are very rich but also many people who are very “?”.
- 5. The 2010 Gallup World Poll found that countries with a higher level of income tended to report “?” levels of pro-social behaviour.
- 6. Researchers tend to measure a certain type of behaviour in children by looking at how they help with the family chores and look after other members of the family. What behaviour is this?
- 7. Altruism: helping others or showing concern for others without expecting any reward. It is an unselfish act which could end up “?” the person who is offering the help.
- 9. Moghaddam (1993) compared children raised on a ? (a collectivist culture where resources and domestic tasks are shared among the community) to children raised in Europe and the USA. She found that the children raised on the Kibbutz were more likely to show altruism than those children in Europe and the USA, who were raised in individualist cultures.
- 11. The 2010 Gallup World Poll found that countries such as Mexico, which had the highest level in “?” inequality reported the highest levels of anti-social behaviour.
- 13. This research shows that culture and “?” can have an impact on children’s pro-social behaviour. In societies where children are expected to help their families from an early age, either around the house, with siblings or by working or gathering resources, they are more likely to demonstrate altruistic behaviour.
- 15. Nadler (1986) found that children brought up on a Kibbutz were much more likely to give help to others and ask for it in return compared to children brought up in a “?” environment.
- 17. Children raised in individualist cultures are raised by their parents to be competitive and to work hard at school to ensure that they succeed. If they are given housework to do, it is often for a what?