Across
- 2. Widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds
- 3. Islamic dynasty that ruled during a golden age of science, culture, and trade from its capital in Baghdad
- 5. Italian scientist who used a telescope to support and improve the heliocentrism and faced punishment by the Catholic Church
- 8. Indian prince who became the founder of Buddhism after achieving enlightenment
- 10. Period during the French Revolution marked by mass executions of perceived enemies of the revolution
- 16. The holy book of Islam, believed to be the word of God as revealed to Muhammad
- 20. Inventor of the water frame and pioneer of the modern factory system in Britain
- 24. Ancient Chinese belief that rulers were given divine authority, which could be lost if they ruled unjustly
- 25. Belief in multiple gods or deities
- 27. Astronomer who developed the heliocentric model of the solar system
- 29. Renaissance anatomist who advanced the study of human anatomy through dissection
- 30. Period in Europe marked by major advances in science, questioning traditional beliefs
- 31. Mesoamerican civilization known for pyramid temples and human sacrifice, conquered by the Spanish
Down
- 1. Collective term for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, tracing origins to a common patriarch
- 4. Largest contiguous land empire in history, founded by Genghis Khan
- 6. System Social hierarchy in India associated with Hinduism, dividing people by birth
- 7. 18th–19th century transformation marked by mechanized production and urban growth
- 9. Belief in a single, all-powerful deity
- 11. Late 18th-century uprising in France that overthrew the monarchy and led to radical social change
- 12. The Sacred Text, teachings and law in Judaism
- 13. Religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, teaching the path to enlightenment through the Four Noble Truths
- 14. Growth of cities due to industrialization and population movement from rural areas
- 15. Ancient religion from India with a belief in karma, dharma, and a cycle of rebirth
- 17. Concept that the sun is at the center of the universe, first proposed by the Abbasid Caliphate and then later during the Scientific Revolution
- 18. Chinese dynasty known for its cultural achievements and early use of gunpowder, printing press, and paper money
- 19. English scientist known for the laws of motion and universal gravitation
- 21. Religion founded in the 7th century by Muhammad, whose teachings are recorded in the Quran
- 22. Invention that powered factories and trains, critical to the Industrial Revolution
- 23. Ruthless 13th-century Mongol leader who united nomadic tribes and built a vast empire across Asia
- 24. Ancient Central American civilization known for advanced writing, astronomy, and calendars
- 26. Monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
- 28. One of the oldest monotheistic religions, centered on the covenant between God and Abraham