Genes and Mutations SL

2. A sequence that remains identical or similar across species over time.
3. A mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, altering the reading frame.
5. Mutations occurring in reproductive cells that can be passed to offspring.
6. A gene-editing technology based on a prokaryotic defense system.
7. mutation where an extra nucleotide is added to the gene sequence.
9. A mutation that changes one amino acid in a protein.
12. The gene affected in Sickle Cell Disease.
13. The enzyme used in CRISPR to cut DNA at specific locations.
14. A type of mutagen, such as gamma rays or UV light.
15. A sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides coding for an amino acid.
17. A type of cell shape caused by mutations in the beta-globin gene.
18. Common base substitution mutations found in human DNA sequencing.
19. The occurrence of different forms (alleles) of a gene in a population.
22. mutation where a nucleotide is removed from the gene sequence.
23. A variant form of a gene.
24. The process by which species adapt to environmental changes over time.
26. A codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis.
29. A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
30. A molecule made of amino acids that performs various functions in the body.

1. The process where beneficial mutations increase survival chances.
4. The process of copying DNA before cell division.
8. Mutations occurring in body cells that are not inherited.
10. A mutation where one base is replaced by another.
11. A mutation caused by insertions or deletions that alters the reading frame of a gene.
16. A mutated gene that causes uncontrolled cell division and cancer.
20. A random change in the DNA base sequence.
21. An external agent that increases the mutation rate.
25. A mutation that converts a codon into a stop codon.
27. A technique to make a gene inoperative to study its function.
28. The amino acid that replaces glutamic acid in sickle cell haemoglobin.