Across
- 2. A phospholipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds cells and separates them from their environment.
- 4. A virus that attacks T cells in the immune system and can lead to AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
- 6. Identical antibodies that have been produced by an immune cell that has been cloned from a parent cell.
- 8. The series of stages preparing the cell for division consisting of interphase and mitosis.
- 12. The process where phagocytes engulf and destroy material.
- 17. A membrane bound structure found in plant cells that contains cell sap.
- 18. The introduction of dead or inactive pathogens to stimulate an immune response and provide long term immunity.
- 19. Division of the cytoplasm to produce two new cells.
- 20. A protein found in the blood that is produced by plasma cells which binds to antigens as a part of the immune response.
- 24. The clumping together of cells or particles caused by antibodies which assists phagocytosis.
- 25. The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen.
- 27. A type of disease immunity that occurs when a large proportion of a population are vaccinated against a disease which prevents the spread of the disease to unvaccinated individuals.
- 28. A type of T cell in the immune system that stimulates cytotoxic T cells B cells and phagocytes.
- 31. A model that describes membrane structure as a sea of mobile phospholipids studded with various proteins.
- 32. Marker molecules that can be detected by antibodies and trigger an immune response.
- 33. Organelles found either free in the cytoplasm or membrane bound that are involved in the synthesis of proteins.
- 34. A method of membrane transport where two substances are both transported across a membrane at the same time either in the same direction or opposite directions.
Down
- 1. A circular loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells.
- 3. A whip-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement.
- 5. A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins.
- 7. An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins.
- 9. Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme.
- 10. An organelle found in plants and algae that is the site of photosynthesis.
- 11. A form of immunity provided by the introduction of antibodies to a disease into the body.
- 13. A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis.
- 14. The passive movement of substances from a high concentration to a lower concentration down their concentration gradient through transport proteins without the use of energy.
- 15. The response produced by the immune system when it encounters a pathogen for the first time.
- 16. The response produced by the immune system when it recognises a pathogen that it has encountered before.
- 21. The production of many genetically identical daughter cells through cell division of the activated B or T lymphocyte after clonal selection.
- 22. A form of immunity provided by the immune response of the body upon detection of a pathogen.
- 23. The process of matching the antigens on an antigen presenting cells with the antigen receptors on B and T lymphocytes.
- 24. The active movement of substances from a low concentration to a higher concentration up their concentration gradient with the use of energy in the form of ATP.
- 26. A permeable layer that surrounds plant algae and fungi cells made of polysaccharides which provides strength to the cell.
- 29. The passive spreading out of substances from a high concentration to a lower concentration down their concentration gradient without the use of energy.
- 30. The method of cell division used by prokaryotes involving replication of the circular DNA and plasmids followed by cytoplasmic division.