Across
- 2. Johannes Gutenberg's invention that helped spread Luther's translation of the bible & raise literacy rates.
- 3. First legal code in Mesopotamia- eye for an eye (punishment must fit the crime)
- 4. Challenged church authority advocating for heliocentric, not geocentric.
- 6. Philosophy of life originated during the Renaissance- placed central emphasis on the value of human & achievements.
- 8. Transfer of commodities, people and diseases crossing the Atlantic Ocean between Old & New World after Columbus' arrival.
- 9. Led by European empires seeking God, Glory, Gold and access to trade routes/spices.
- 10. Time period known as the Middle Ages after Rome had fallen- due to lack of literature & growth.
- 13. Economic system where European Empires attempt to export more than import and extract natural resources from the colonies.
- 15. Captured Byzantine capital of Constantinople & replaced with Istanbul.
- 20. Small group of people rule (Ancient Rome).
- 21. Replaced River Valley Civlizatoins: Greece, Rome, Persia, which had more territories & people.
- 23. Series of religious wars against Muslims by Christians to retake the holy land- increased trade between the two worlds.
- 24. Forgiveness of sins sold by Catholic Church (attacked by Martin Luther).
- 27. Wrote "The Prince"- a how to guide on wielding & maintaining power in which the ends justifies the means.
- 28. Period of cultural rebirth in Italy- led to significant achievements in art, architecture, literature, and thinking.
Down
- 1. Italian scientist who developed the telescope.
- 2. Began with Martin Luther posting his 95 Theses- questioned the authority of the Catholic Church, which led to the establishment of religions "protesting" the church.
- 5. Upper class in Rome- made up the Senate.
- 7. First ruler of the Mongol Empire that launched a series of military campaigns to grow the empire.
- 11. Form of government where leader/small group has TOTAL power, usually backed by military.
- 12. Government where people lead.
- 14. Representative democracy- people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
- 16. Gold-Salt trade allowed for spread of what religion?
- 17. Martin Luther's publication that attacked the sale of indulgences.
- 18. Eastern Roman empire that thrived due to trade with Rome falling to germanic tribes.
- 19. Political hierarchy of the Middle Ages in Western Europe kingdoms that provided safety for food and protection.
- 22. Form of government where power is held in religion/church/religious figure.
- 25. Revolution that introduced agriculture, ended nomadic life and introduced stratified societies.
- 26. Ancient series of overland trade routes that connected Mediterranean with Middle East and Asia.