Chapter 5

2. hot fluid or semifluid material above or on top of the earth's crust
3. any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock.
5. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle again
6. a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates which move slowly over the underlying mantle.
7. a process taking tens of millions of years, part of the ocean floor sinks back into the mantle at deep-ocean trenches.
11. The transfer of energy that is carried in rays like light
12. hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust
14. Heating and cooling of a fluid, changes in the fluid's density, and the force of gravity combine to set
16. a massive supercontinent that existed 300 million years ago

1. adds more crust to the ocean floor, at the same time, older strips of rock move outward from either side of the ridge.
4. fractures in the crust allow magma to reach the surface.
8. Heat transfer between materials that are touching
9. breaks in Earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other—form along these boundaries.
10. Heat transfer by the movement of a fluid
13. long chains of mountains that rise up from the ocean floor.
15. measure of how much mass there is in a given volume of a substance.