Puzzle 01: Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death

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Across
  1. 4. A type of necrosis characteristic of ischemic injury in the brain, resulting in a soft, fluid-filled cavity.
  2. 7. The abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts, categorized as dystrophic or metastatic depending on serum calcium levels
  3. 9. An inadequate blood supply to an organ or tissue, which cuts off oxygen supply faster than hypoxia alone.
  4. 11. A decrease or shrinkage in cellular size, often resulting from skeletal muscle disuse or denervation.
  5. 13. The single most common cause of cellular injury, defined as a lack of sufficient oxygen at the tissue level.
  6. 14. A clinical term describing severe hypoxic tissue death across an entire limb, often subclassified as dry, wet, or gas.
  7. 15. An intracellular accumulation of cholesterol appearing as yellowish skin plaques or nodules, often near tendons.
  8. 16. A distinct, cheese-like form of necrosis typical of tuberculous lung infections, combining features of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis.
  9. 19. Abnormal, deranged cellular growth characterized by variations in size, shape, and organization; a precursor to neoplasia.
  10. 20. An increase in the actual number of cells resulting from an increased rate of cellular division, such as in benign prostatic growth.
Down
  1. 1. The destructive lipid chain reaction where free radicals attack fatty acids within the cellular membrane, causing rupture.
  2. 2. An increase in individual cellular size leading to an overall enlargement of the organ, frequently seen in the left ventricle
  3. 3. The brown-yellow 'wear-and-tear' aging pigment that accumulates over time in aging heart and brain cells.
  4. 5. Area of ischemic necrosis caused by the sudden occlusion of arterial blood supply to a tissue zone
  5. 6. The reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another mature cell type, often caused by chronic irritation (e.g., smoking)
  6. 8. A programmed, energy-dependent process of cellular self-destruction that does not trigger a systemic inflammatory response.
  7. 10. A self-eating survival mechanism where starving cells degrade their own damaged organelles via lysosomal pathways.
  8. 12. The standard pattern of necrosis seen in myocardial infarction where cell architecture is preserved despite cellular death.
  9. 17. A small regulatory protein that attaches to misfolded proteins to label them for destruction within the proteasome.
  10. 18. The most widely used lipid-soluble chemical toxin that inflicts direct oxidative stress and fat accumulation within hepatocyte structures.