EPIDEMIOLOGY

2. Physician who traced London’s 1854 cholera outbreak to the Broad Street water pump
4. Protein shell that encloses a virus’s genome
8. Infectious misfolded protein; cause of mad cow disease
9. What the Dutch microscope maker Antonie van Leeuwenhoek called bacteria when he first observed them
11. A virus that infects bacteria
14. Organism, usually an insect or tick, that transmits a pathogen between hosts (e.g., mosquitoes spreading malaria)
15. _____ variable: third variable linked to both an exposure and an outcome that can create a misleading association between them

1. French scientist whose swan-neck flask experiment disproved spontaneous generation; also developed a rabies vaccine
2. The only human disease ever eradicated, declared in 1980
3. Scottish scientist who discovered penicillin in 1928 after mold contaminated one of his bacterial plates
5. _____ period: time between infection and the first symptoms
6. Adjective used to describe a disease that jumps from animals to humans, like rabies
7. British surgeon who pioneered antiseptic surgery with carbolic acid
10. _____ immunity: indirect protection of a whole community once enough people are vaccinated or recovered that a disease can’t spread easily
12. Gel made from red algae, used to solidify microbial growth media
13. Describes a disease that’s constantly present at a steady baseline level in a region