Across
- 1. The sector of the economy that extracts or harvests natural resources, such as agriculture, mining, forestry, and fishing.
- 4. capital The funds a business borrows from financial institutions or other lenders that must be repaid over time, typically with interest. It is a form of debt financing.
- 6. The first sale of a company’s shares to the public on a stock exchange. It is a method by which a private company becomes publicly traded.
- 8. Intangible activities or benefits provided by one party to another. They do not result in ownership of anything physical and include activities like consulting, banking, cleaning, or education.
- 10. The sector of the economy that transforms raw materials from the primary industry into finished goods or products, such as manufacturing, construction, and processing.
- 14. Funds sourced from outside the business, including loans, share capital, grants, or funds from investors like venture capitalists or angel investors.
- 16. A credit facility provided by a bank that allows a business or individual to withdraw more money than is available in their account, up to an agreed limit. It is often used to manage short-term cash flow problems.
- 17. Tangible products that are manufactured or produced for sale to consumers or businesses. They can be durable (long-lasting) or non-durable (consumed quickly).
- 18. A wealthy individual who provides capital to a startup or small business in exchange for ownership equity or convertible debt. They often invest at the early stages of the business, bringing not just funds but also expertise and mentorship.
- 19. Spending by a business on acquiring, maintaining, or improving fixed assets such as buildings, machinery, or equipment. These are long-term investments.
Down
- 2. The spending on the day-to-day running of a business, including costs like wages, utilities, rent, and raw materials. These expenses are typically fully consumed within the financial year.
- 3. The process of a company offering its shares for sale to the public for the first time, typically through an IPO. It involves listing on a stock exchange and can be a way to raise capital.
- 5. An arrangement where a supplier allows a business to purchase goods or services and pay for them at a later date, typically 30, 60, or 90 days. It is a common form of short-term financing.
- 7. Earnings generated from investments or business activities that require minimal active involvement from the recipient. Examples include rental income, dividends, or royalties.
- 9. A payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually in the form of cash or additional shares, as a distribution of profits.
- 11. The sector of the economy that provides services rather than goods, including retail, healthcare, finance, education, and entertainment.
- 12. Capital investment made into private companies (those not listed on public exchanges) by private equity firms, institutional investors, or high-net-worth individuals. This investment is often used for company growth, acquisitions, or restructuring.
- 13. Funds generated within the business from its own operations or resources, such as retained earnings, sale of assets, or reductions in working capital.
- 15. The initial funding used to start a new business, typically provided by the founders, friends, family, or angel investors. It is used to finance the early stages of product development and business setup.