Across
- 7. Refers to the idea that the earth & the other planets revolve around the sun
- 8. This is the document written by Thomas Jefferson, based on ideas from Enlightenment philosophers like John Locke, & in which appears an eloquent argument for Natural Rights
- 10. A 17th-century philosopher who criticized absolute monarchy & favored self-governance. Locke’s view: all people are born free & equal, with three natural rights—life, liberty & property
- 11. French political philosopher of the 18th century, who wrote extensively on political liberty & separation of powers
- 13. The author of the Declaration of Independence & proponent of Enlightenment philosophy — especially, those in support of liberty, natural rights, & checks & balances
- 14. The 17th-century scientist who discovered the law of universal gravitation
- 18. A French political philosopher of the 18th century, known for his position on individual freedom & direct democracy
- 20. An 18th-century intellectual movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason & scientific method to all aspects of society
- 22. The 16th-century Italian scientist/astronomer who is known for identifying the moons of Jupiter & for being a supporter of Copernicus’ heliocentric theory of the universe
- 23. A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation & the questioning of accepted beliefs
- 24. Measures designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the others
Down
- 1. The agreement by which people define & limit their individual rights, thereby creating/developing an organized society or government
- 2. An 18th-century writer & proponent of women’s equality who encouraged women to enter into male-dominated fields of study &/or work
- 3. This serves as the pseudonym for a 18th-century political philosopher, Francois Marie Arouet, who wrote extensively in defense of tolerance, reason, & religious freedom, & attacked prejudice, intolerance, & superstition
- 4. A system of government in which power is divided between central authority & a number of individual states
- 5. This is a French term that translates into English as philosopher, but specifically refers to social critics of the 17th & 18th centuries who believed that one could apply the principles of reason to everyday life. The five concept that serve as its core are: reason, nature, happiness, progress, & liberty
- 6. The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which protect citizens’ basic rights & freedoms
- 9. Monarchs who reformed their style of rule to reflect Enlightenment influences
- 12. This means New Classical – an artistic style of the late 18th century that is inspired by Greco-Roman art
- 15. In the Middle Ages, the earth-centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe
- 16. Ruler of Russia from 1762-1796 - was adored by many Enlightenment philosophers as she ruled absolutely, but planned on reforming Russia
- 17. A scientific procedure for gathering information about the natural world, in which experimentation & observation are used to test hypotheses
- 19. These are social gatherings, or events, during which philosophers, writers, artists, & scientists, & other intellectuals would gather to discuss ideas
- 21. A particular style of art that influenced European art in the 17th & 18th centuries