Across
- 3. Gilded Age presidents avoided major issues and focused on party politics instead of reform.
- 8. Supreme Court case that ruled segregation was legal and could continue.
- 9. A Democratic president who believed in limited government.
- 13. Growing anger and frustration with corruption and inequality.
- 15. President assassinated by an office seeker, showing the danger of patronage.
- 16. President whose administration raised tariffs and spending.
- 19. Local political organizations that used patronage, bribery, and voter loyalty to stay in power.
- 22. Shift from political connections to merit-based government jobs.
- 26. Allowed racism and segregation to continue openly under the law.
- 27. Free silver, income tax, government control of railroads, and direct election of senators.
- 28. helped factories but hurt farmers by raising prices.
- 29. Ways African Americans were prevented from voting.
- 32. Corruption, inefficiency, and political machines controlling cities and elections.
- 34. The period after the Civil War when the federal government enforced civil rights in the South.
- 35. America grew richer, but many people suffered while the government failed to act.
- 36. A powerful banker who loaned money to stabilize the economy.
- 38. End of Reconstruction and loss of federal protection for African Americans.
- 40. Economic crisis and unrest led to demands for reform.
- 43. Tilden was one electoral vote short of winning and the Constitution did not explain how to count disputed votes.
- 44. White Southern Democrats who regained power after Reconstruction.
- 45. Labor issues, farmers’ struggles, race relations, money supply, and economic fairness.
Down
- 1. The practice of giving government jobs to political supporters instead of qualified workers.
- 2. A severe economic depression during Cleveland’s presidency.
- 4. First Congress to spend $1 billion, increasing pensions and tariffs.
- 5. A political party formed by farmers and workers demanding economic reform.
- 6. A tax placed on imported goods.
- 7. State laws that enforced racial segregation in the South.
- 10. The belief that government should not interfere in the economy.
- 11. Methods used to legally block African Americans from voting.
- 12. Internal divisions and increasing segregationist views.
- 14. Overbuilding, labor problems, farm depression, and silver conflicts.
- 17. Even as America industrialized and expanded, politics were marked by corruption, stalemate, and weak leadership.
- 18. Very high tariff that angered farmers and consumers.
- 20. A movement of farmers protesting debt, low prices, and unfair policies.
- 21. An election so close that no clear winner was declared at first.
- 23. A powerful New York City political machine that symbolized corruption.
- 24. Cleveland stayed laissez-faire and borrowed money from J.P. Morgan.
- 25. Leader of Tammany Hall who used bribery and fraud to steal public money.
- 30. A farming system that kept poor farmers trapped in debt.
- 31. They believed they were “redeeming” the South by taking it back from Republicans and ending Reconstruction.
- 33. Term used to describe how the government avoided solving major national problems during the Gilded Age.
- 34. Forced politicians to reform the spoils system.
- 37. Deal that made Hayes president in exchange for removing remaining federal troops from the South.
- 39. The term meant America looked wealthy and successful on the outside but had serious problems underneath.
- 41. President who supported civil service reform.
- 42. Law that required exams for government jobs and reduced patronage.