Across
- 1. phospholipid bilayer which is selectively permeable, controlling the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell (contains cholesterol for rigidity and proteins for transport and signalling)
- 4. endoplasmic reticulum membranous organelle without ribosomes and is the site of lipid synthesis
- 5. too low = enzyme denaturation, too high = enzyme denaturation
- 10. the greater the concentration of this the greater the rate of reaction
- 11. the model of enzyme activity that shows the substrate fitting perfectly into the enzyme's active site
- 13. movement of a substance down a concentration gradient without energy
- 15. occurs in stroma, uses H+ FROM LDR and CO2 to produce glucose (C6H12O6) solid
- 16. soup of cell, site of glycolysis (breakdown of glucose into 2 pyruvate)
- 20. control centre of the cell, contains DNA
- 24. mixture of solute and solvent
- 25. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, site of light-dependent reaction
- 27. mitosis (somatic cell division) and cytokinesis (purpose for growth, asexual reproduction, repair, regeneration, renewal)
- 29. too low = too slow, too high = enzyme denaturation
- 30. the first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
- 32. substance(s) produced in the biological reaction
- 34. produced by the nucleolus, 2-subunit organelle made up of rRNA and protein which is the site of protein synthesis
- 35. a discontinuously synthesised DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesised in a 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork.
- 38. inner membrane of mitochondria, site of electron-transferchain (produces H2O)
- 39. in plant cells only, made of cellulose, holds the structure of plant cells
- 40. a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
- 41. enzyme responsible for gluing the okazaki fragments together
- 42. a substance that is dissolved in a solvent
- 45. deoxyribonucleic acid, double-stranded, anti-parallel, double-helical (twisted ladder) molecule, which contains a sugar-phosphate backbone and base-pair rungs (adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine)
- 48. a liquid substance capable of dissolving solutes
- 49. when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
- 50. the process of making a copy of DNA
- 53. control centre of the cell containing DNA
- 55. diffusion of water across a cell membrane down a concentration gradient
- 56. part of an enzyme with which the substrate interacts
- 58. the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
- 59. when the concentration of two solutions is the same
- 60. inside nucleus produces ribosomes
Down
- 2. organelle containing digestive enzymes to break down substances
- 3. the second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
- 6. when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
- 7. adenine pairs with thymine (double bond), cytosine pairs with guanine (triple bond)
- 8. the model of enzyme activity where the substrate forces the enzyme to alter its shape slightly so it fits better at the enzyme's active site
- 9. movement of a substance up a concentration gradient with energy and a transport protein
- 12. in animal cells only, organises mitosis
- 14. fluid portion of the chloroplast outside of the thylakoids, site of light-independent reaction
- 17. as this increases, so does the rate of reaction, until all of the active sites are bound and the rate of reaction levels off
- 18. double-membraned organelle, site of respiration
- 19. endoplasmic reticulum membranous organelle containing ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis
- 21. movement of a small, uncharged solute across a cell membrane down a concentration gradient without the need for a transport protein
- 22. the new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesised along the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction
- 23. stacks of membranes that sort and package proteins and lipids and send them to other parts of the cell
- 26. occurs in thylakoids, converts water into H+ AND O2 gas
- 28. consists of the g1, s, g2 phases of the cell cycle, where a cell spends most of its life in
- 30. stacks of thylakoids
- 31. inner most fluid compartment of the mitochondria, site of kreb's cycle (produces CO2)
- 33. small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication, joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand
- 36. movement of a larger more specific substance across a cell membrane down a concentration gradient via a transport protein
- 37. enzyme responsible for the unwinding and unzipping of the DNA double helix
- 42. the synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated
- 43. in plant cells only, which stores water and other liquids responsible for cell shape and hydration
- 44. protein that acts as a biological catalyst
- 46. in plant cells only, double-membraned organelle, site of photosynthesis
- 47. cycle series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
- 51. enzyme responsible for DNA replication by recruitment of nucleotides via the base-pairing rule
- 52. specific reactant(s) that is acted on by an enzyme at the active site
- 54. respiration that does not require oxygen, produces lactic acid and 2 ATP (not much energy)
- 57. respiration that requires oxygen, produces 36 ATP (lots of energy)