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- 3. U.S House of Representatives committee established in 1938, but it gained prominence during the 2nd Red scare as it investigated alleged communist activities and sympathies. Their hearing targetedd Hollywood, labor unions, and government officialls. These public hearing led to the blacklisting of many individuals in the entertainment industry , notably the Hollywood Ten, they also further solidifyed a climate a fear and suspicion in the U.S and led to significant rights abuses. This contrasts with the, later, watergate scandal during Nixons presidency which involved a bipartisan effort to uncover criminal activity in the Nixon administration.
- 4. Was a U.S government official accused of being a Soviet spy. In 1948, he was convicted after denying being involved in espionage. The case was highly publicized and controversial.This trial helped fuel anti-communist hysteria, many political leaders, used this to gain public approval by having a strong stance against communism.
- 6. They were a group of screenwriters , directors and producers who were accused of being communist after refusing investigations by HUAC. In repnce , the industry imposed a blacklist, barring them from employment. This led to the destruction of careers, though there was not sufficient evidence.It also created tight restrictions on free speech and creativity in Hollywood due to the widespread fear of being accused.
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- 1. Named after Senator Joseph McCarthy, refers to the practice of making unsubstaniated accusations of communist sympathisers, often without evidence. This tactic was used by McCarthy to gain political power by creating public fear of communism.These tacics led to the blacklisting of many Americans, especially in the Government and entertainment industries. These accusations created a climate of fear, contributing to a culture of conformity and self-censorship. This can be compared to the 1st Red Scare, which also involved a fear of communism and resulted in the targeting of labor movements, immigrants, and radicals.McCarthyism contrasts with later Cold-War era policies such as detente, which sought to ease tensions between U.S and the Soviet Union.
- 2. couple convicted of espionage for allegedly passing classified information to the Soviet Union. They were sentenced and executed in 1953, becoming the first U.S citizens to be executed for espionage in peacetime.Their execution intensified fear of Sovie infiltration and espionage during the Cold war.This case divided public opinion, with some viewing them as innocent and some believing they were traitors. This event underscored the extent that the U.S. government would go to prevent communist infiltration.
- 5. Established by President Truman, it was created to investigate and assess the loyalty of federal employees screening them for possible ties to communism and asses the loyalty of federal employees.Thousands of federal employees were investigated, and many were dismissed or forced to resign due to suspected communist affiliations. The board contributed to a culture of fear and paranoia and an environment of mistrust and suspicion.This was similar to the Smith Act of 1940, which made it illegal to advicate for the violent overthrow of the U.S. government, and was used to target suspected communists.