Across
- 4. a 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope’s authority.
- 7. new navigation technology that allowed for the Age of Exploration
- 9. a philosophy based on the idea that nothing can be known for certain.
- 11. a period of European history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world.
- 13. the everyday language of people in a region or country.
- 14. a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin.
- 15. a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord’s estate.
- 19. a family’s payment of one-tenth of its income to a church.
- 20. a Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements.
- 21. a person who supports artists, especially financially.
Down
- 1. a lord’s estate in feudal Europe.
- 2. the era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500—also called the medieval period.
- 3. an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface.
- 5. a religious community of men (called monks) who have given up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship.
- 6. a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation.
- 8. created the printing press in Europe
- 10. the taking away of a person’s right of membership in a Christian church.
- 12. European explorer who circumnavigated the globe
- 16. a Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai.
- 17. European explorer who discovered the West Indies
- 18. concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters.