Across
- 2. improved imperial administration by restoring the merit-based civil service examination system
- 5. Chinese resisted rule by the non-Chinese Manchus. Rebellions flared up periodically for decades. The Manchus, however, slowly earned the people’s respect
- 7. Britain also wanted to increase trade with Chinaid not like China’s trade restrictions. In 1793, Lord George Macartney delivered a letter from King George III to Qian-longIn 1636, even before they came to power in China, the Manchus invaded Korea and made the country change its allegiance from the Ming to the Manchus. Although Korea remained independent it existed in China’s shadow.Koreans organized their government according to Confucian principles. They also adopted China’s technology, its culture, and especially its policy of isolation.When the Manchus established the Qing dynasty, Korea’s political relationship with China did not change. But Korea’s attitude did.Manchu invasion, combined with a Japanese attack in the 1590s, provoked strong feelings of nationalism in the Korean people.
- 8. death in 1398 led to a power struggle. His son Yonglo (yung•lu) emerged victorious. Yonglo continued many of his father’s policies, although he moved the royal court to Beijing.
- 9. Ming Dynasty collapsed.
- 10. the Mongols had done in the 1300s, the Manchus took a Chinese name for their dynasty, the Qing (chihng) Dynasty.
- 11. They upheld China’s traditional Confucian beliefs and social structures.hey made the country’s frontiers safe and restored China’s prosperity. Two powerful Manchu rulers contributed greatly to the acceptance of the new dynasty.The first, Kangxi (kahng•shee), became emperor in 1661 and ruled for some 60 years. He reduced government expenses and lowered taxes. A scholar and patron of the arts, Kangxi gained the support of intellectuals by offering them government positions.who ruled from 1735 to 1795, China reached its greatest size and prosperity. An industrious emperor like his grandfather, Qian-long often rose at dawn to work on the empire’s problems.To the Chinese, their country—called the Middle Kingdom—had been the cultural center of the universe for 2,000 years. If foreign stateswished to trade with China, they would have to follow Chinese rules. These rules included trading only at special ports and paying tributehe Dutch were masters of the Indian Ocean trade by the time of Qian-long. They accepted China’s restrictionsBy 1800, tea would make up 80 percent of shipments to Europe.
Down
- 1. had become the dominant power in Asia under the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). I
- 3. would rule for more than 260 years and expand China’s borders to include Taiwan, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet.
- 4. became a ruthless tyrant. Suspecting plots against his rule everywhere
- 6. of the Great Wall lay Manchuria. In 1644, the Manchus (MAN•chooz), the people of that region,invaded china