Across
- 1. The lower part of the stem of a germinating seed that connects the root system to the cotyledons.
- 4. The fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cell to form a zygote.
- 7. A cell or organism that has one set of chromosomes.
- 8. A genetic condition in which an organism has two different alleles for a particular gene.
- 11. A cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes.
- 12. The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ to the female reproductive organ of the same flower or plant.
- 13. A change in the DNA sequence of a gene that can lead to a new trait or characteristic in an organism.
- 14. Fertilization A process in which one sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell to form the embryo, while the other sperm cell fertilizes the central cell to form the endosperm.
- 16. A genetic condition in which an organism has two identical alleles for a particular gene.
- 18. Agents that can cause mutations in the DNA of an organism.
- 21. A state of inactivity that some plants enter to survive periods of unfavorable conditions.
- 22. The structure in a plant's ovary that contains the female gamete or egg cell.
- 23. A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell by half.
- 27. Reproduction A type of reproduction in which two gametes (usually from different plants) fuse to form a new organism.
- 30. A type of underground stem that grows horizontally and can produce new plants at the nodes.
- 31. The developing plant inside a seed.
- 32. Nucleus The nucleus of the central cell in a plant's ovule that fuses with a sperm cell during double fertilization to form the endosperm.
- 34. The male reproductive cells of a plant that are responsible for fertilizing the female reproductive cells.
- 35. A type of plant that has three sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two sets.
- 37. A method of plant propagation that involves bending a stem to the ground and covering it with soil so that it will grow roots and form a new plant.
- 39. A form of asexual reproduction in which a new plant grows from a small projection or bud on the parent plant.
Down
- 2. A type of plant that has four sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two sets.
- 3. A type of asexual propagation that involves taking a stem or leaf from a plant and growing a new plant from it.
- 5. Small plants that develop from the tissue of the parent plant, usually at the base of the stem or in the axils.
- 6. A genetic trait that is expressed when only one copy of the gene is present.
- 9. A method of plant propagation that involves joining two plant parts together so that they grow as one plant.
- 10. Pieces of a plant that are used to start new plants in tissue culture.
- 14. A method of plant propagation that involves separating a plant into two or more parts and then growing each part into a new plant.
- 15. A type of plant reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes.
- 17. A type of haploid cell that develops into a female gametophyte in plants.
- 18. A small opening in a plant's ovule through which the pollen tube grows to reach the egg cell.
- 19. The embryonic shoot of a plant that develops into the stem and leaves.
- 20. A type of haploid cell that develops into a male gametophyte in plants.
- 24. The embryonic root of a plant that develops into the root system.
- 25. The ability of a seed or plant to grow and develop under normal conditions.
- 26. A plant that is the result of crossbreeding two different species or varieties of plants.
- 27. A small piece of a plant that is grafted onto a rootstock to form a new plant.
- 28. The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ of one plant to the female reproductive organ of another plant of the same species.
- 29. A genetic trait that is only expressed when two copies of the gene are present.
- 33. A type of underground storage organ that looks like a bulb but has a solid center.
- 36. The female reproductive organ of a flower that contains the ovules.
- 38. A type of underground storage organ made up of layers of fleshy leaves or scales that can produce new plants.