3.1 India: Hinduism and Buddhism

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  1. 3. an ancient subcontinent of diverse culture; Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism all originated here.
  2. 6. a collection of religious and philosophical teachings developed in ancient India characterized by a belief in reincarnation and the absolute, impersonal, universal spirit called Brahma
  3. 7. (reincarnation) the repeating cycle of birth, life, and death; the belief that after death, the soul returns in another body as a human, animal, or spirit
  4. 8. 1. All life is suffering. 2. The source of suffering is desire. 3. To stop suffering, one must rid themselves of desire. 4. To be rid of desires, follow the Eightfold Path.
  5. 11. a strict social structure in which all people are born into one of four hereditary groups which dictate their occupation and rules of behavior
  6. 13. in Indian religions, especially Buddhism; a profound peace of mind in which one is liberated from all desires and all suffering
  7. 14. people below of all the other castes and that most Hindus try to avoid contact with
  8. 16. the Hindu goal of liberation; release from the cycle of birth, life, and death; achieved through union with Brahma (God)
  9. 17. (304-232 BC) Indian emperor who conquered Kalinga (in the east of India) and then embraced Buddhism and renounced violence
  10. 18. the Hindu goal of virtue; one's personal role in life and society; the good behaviors that keep the universe in order and bring people closer to Brahma (God)
  11. 19. (340-298 BC) first emperor of India; unified all of India under his rule; voluntarily retired and became a monk
  12. 20. the primary religious texts of Hinduism
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  1. 1. the Buddha ("enlightened one"); Hindu prince who around 500 B.C. left his family and all of his things in order to find enlightenment and peace
  2. 2. the Hindu goal of success; the achievement of wealth and power
  3. 4. the Hindu goal of pleasure; the desires of the mind and body; the enjoyment of literature, art, clothing, dance, sport, love, etc.
  4. 5. a nontheistic religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama that teaches detachment from the world in order to reach the perfect peace of nirvana
  5. 9. the four goals of life for the Hindu: kama, artha, dharma, moksha
  6. 10. the absolute, impersonal, universal spirit that connects with the soul of every being in the universe; God
  7. 12. the belief that one's good or bad actions in a previous life affects what happens to them in their next life
  8. 15. highest class in the Hindu caste system; priests and leaders