4 & 5

2. Forwarding at layer 3
3. Allows users to view or modify the IP routing table of a host, providing control over how traffic is directed between different networks.
5. Perfect for applications requiring simultaneous data delivery like live video streaming or financial stock update broadcasts, ensuring that only interested or relevant recipients receive the message.
7. A dynamic link-state protocol that efficiently exchanges routing information within an autonomous system using the Shortest Path First algorithm.
9. Advance distance vector protocol - Uses metrics such as bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability for path selection.
12. Forwarding at layer 2
15. The local interface to use to forward a packet along the chosen route.
18. Displays the routing table of a network device, including paths to various network destinations, the specific routes to each destination, and metrics used to select the best route.
19. Modifies the network address information in packet headers while in transit.
20. A network diagnostic tool that tracks the pathway packets take to reach a specified destination across an IP network, showing each hop and the time taken to get from one hop to the next.
21. Addresses data requests to the closest or most accessible server among a group of potential servers, prioritizing speed and efficiency.
23. Hop count max of 15 & not Ideal for large networks.

1. Configured to receive and understand packets that have a VLAN identifier.
4. Management(UTM)Devices All-in-one security appliances that include firewall capabilities along with anti-virus, anti-spam, and intrusion detection systems.
6. This method ensures that all connected devices are simultaneously informed, suitable for network management tasks like searching for servers or updating multiple systems at once.
8. Divides a network into small, isolated segments.
10. Creates separate networks within a single physical network infrastructure.
11. connected routes Paths to networks directly reachable by the router.
13. The source of the route. Paths can be configured statically or learned by exchanging information with other routers via a dynamic routing protocol.
14. Can be remembered as a "one-to-one" form of communication; it's designated for a single, specific recipient.
16. table function Determines optimal paths for data packets.
17. The IP address of the next router along the path to the destination.
22. Lists the current ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) table entries in a network device, mapping IP addresses to physical hardware addresses on the local network.