Across
- 3. (1453–1515) was a Portuguese admiral who helped found Portugal’s trade empire in the East. He captured and built strategic forts at Goa, Calicut, Malacca, and Hormoz; reconstructed other forts; set up shipbuilding and other Portuguese industries in India; and built churches.
- 6. people originally from Manchuria, north of China, who conquered the Ming dynasty and ruled China as the Qing dynasty from the mid-1600s to the early 1900s
- 7. Japanese city; on an island in its harbor, the Tokugawa shoguns in the 1600s permitted one or two Dutch ships to trade with Japan each year; city where the second atomic bomb was dropped in August, 1945
- 8. Indian soldier who served in an army set up by the French or English trading companies
- 10. (1711–1799) was a Chinese emperor who expanded the size of China’s empire to include Tibet and much of central Asia, creating a multiethnic state that included Han Chinese, Mongols, Tibetans, and Manchus. He saw himself as a “Universal Monarch” both within and beyond the Chinese empire. He patronized the arts, commissioned great literary works, and formed China’s national palace museum with art collections that remain important today.
- 12. dynasty established by the Manchus in the mid-1600s that lasted until the early 1900s; China’s last dynasty
- 13. region of southeastern China made up of a peninsula and two islands; the Ming dynasty allowed the Portuguese to set up a trading post here
- 14. Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) was an Italian scholar and Jesuit priest who traveled to China. In 1589, Ricci began to teach Chinese scholars European mathematical ideas. Later he lived in Nanjing, where he worked on mathematics, astronomy, and geography. He became famous in China for his knowledge of astronomy, writing books in Chinese, and his talents as a painter.
- 16. a coastal city seized in 1510 that became the commercial and military base of Portugal’s India trade
- 17. a distant military station or a remote settlement
- 18. (1737–1806) Born to a Scots-Irish family in Ireland, he served as a member of the British Parliament, chief secretary for Ireland, and governor of several British colonies. King George III sent him on an unsuccessful mission to persuade Emperor Qianlong of China to allow British traders into northern port cities. He later became governor of the colony at the Cape of Good Hope.
Down
- 1. city located on the Malay Peninsula near the strategic Straits of Malacca
- 2. a trading company established with full sovereign powers by the Netherlands in 1602 to protect and expand its trade in Asia
- 4. having full, independent power
- 5. Muslim empire that ruled most of northern India from the mid-1500s to the mid-1700s; also known as the Mogul empire
- 9. a country in southeastern Asia made up of several thousand islands; seized by the Spanish in the 1500s; became an important link in Spain’s overseas trading empire as the destination of silver fleets sent from the Americas
- 11. coastal city in southeastern China, also known as Canton, where, during the Ming dynasty, the Dutch, English, and other Europeans could trade with Chinese merchants under the supervision of imperial officials, only during each year’s trading season and only at Canton
- 15. shoguns, descended from Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542–1616) who were supreme military leaders; ruled Japan from 1603 through 1869; reunified Japan and reestablished order following a century of civil war and disturbance