Across
- 2. Metamorphic rock formed by intense brittle fracturing and crushing without cohesion loss.
- 5. Dimensionless ratio of rotational to inertial forces governing fluid flow in Earth's outer core.
- 9. High-pressure polymorph of olivine thought to cause the 410 km seismic discontinuity.
- 10. a Geological window through an overthrust sheet exposing underlying autochthonous rocks beneath.
- 12. Dense, iron-rich oxide mineral coexisting with bridgmanite throughout the lower mantle.
- 13. Dimensionless number measuring the ratio of convective to conductive heat transfer in mantle convection.
- 14. Dense, cold slab of subducted oceanic lithosphere resting near the core-mantle boundary.
Down
- 1. High-pressure silica polymorph formed during meteorite impacts, featuring octahedral silicon coordination.
- 3. Splitting of a light into two orthogonal polarisations when passing through an anisotropic medium, such as calcite.
- 4. High-pressure silicate perovskite mineral that dominates Earth's lower mantle.
- 6. Sodium-rich clinopyroxene mineral diagnostic of eclogite-facies metamorphism.
- 7. A radioactive decay and isotope geochemistry method used primarily for radiometric dating and tracing the formation and evolution of Earth's crust and mantle.
- 8. Isolated erosional remnant of a thrust sheet completely surrounded by younger underlying rocks.
- 11. Irregular, finger-like flame structures formed when dense sand sinks into underlying water-saturated mud.