Across
- 1. in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
- 3. illusion, caused by very slight movements of the eye, that a stationary point of light in a dark room is moving
- 9. a memory technique, where one thinks about the meaning of the term to be remembered instead of repeating the word to themselve multiple times in a row
- 16. A theory of motivation suggesting that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of alertness and physical and mental activation.
- 17. benefits or recognition received from someone else
- 19. The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive
- 21. a theory of dreaming; where the brain attempts to make sense of random activity that happens during sleep by synthesizing the activity with stored memories
- 23. According to Jung, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning.
- 25. the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
- 27. pioneer of intelligence (IQ) tests, he designed a test to identify delayed learners in need of help-not available in the U.S.
- 28. an early period in the life when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development in an organism
- 30. Where various solutions are given, creative thinking that diverges in different directions
- 31. pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning), stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls, children mimicked play
- 34. a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients where a quick electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
- 39. he focused on emotion; he found that facial expressions are universal
- 41. a depth cue, such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of two eyes
- 42. the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
- 43. in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
- 44. the least amount of stimulation that is necessary to identify a particular stimulus half of the time
- 45. the rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over decades
- 46. Controls language expression, an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
Down
- 1. organizing items into familiar units, usually occurs automatically
- 2. Believed language was innate; developmental theorist
- 4. the weakening of conditioned response; the conditioned response eventually stops
- 5. the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
- 6. a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
- 7. 7 plus or minus 2
- 8. Breaking down the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
- 10. the period immediately following the firing of a nerve fiber when it cannot be stimulated no matter how great a stimulus is applied
- 11. 1902-1994; neo-Freudian, humanistic; he created an 8-stage theory to show how people evolve through the lifespan
- 12. A defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable object or person that is not as threatening
- 13. perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes need to focus inward when looking at an object that is closer to us
- 14. Pavlov: a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli
- 15. the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection half of the time
- 18. a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore contradictory evidence
- 20. in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
- 22. developed by Piaget, when one must modify their schemas after learning new information or having new experiences
- 23. a prompt that helps us remember
- 24. interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
- 26. openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
- 29. 1870-1937; neo-Freudian, psychodynamic; style of life, inferiority/superiority complexes, childhood influences personality formation
- 32. A logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier- but also more errors prone- use of heuristics.
- 33. Where objects that are farther away from the viewer appear hazier due to the atmosphere
- 35. Motivation derives from biological needs or drives
- 36. culturally determined rules about which nonverbal behaviors are appropriate to display
- 37. neurons that take information from the brain and sends it to muscles and organs throughout the body
- 38. scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
- 39. Prohibits us from acting on our basic urges to balance our morals
- 40. inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival