Across
- 5. The layer of soil in which most plants germinate and where roots grow
- 6. the amount of energy released from an earthquake
- 8. the point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus of an earthquake
- 9. A cave formation that builds on the floor of a cave; made from the dripping of dissolved calcite
- 11. a machine used to detect, time, and measure the movements of the earth
- 13. Energy that is produced by collecting sunlight through solar panels
- 16. An energy resource formed from the remains of plants and animals
- 20. Ash released by a volcano
- 21. Small particles produced by weathering rock
- 24. Electricity generated by water
- 28. A fossil fuel used to heat homes and produce electricity; means "liquid rock" and is the same as crude oil
- 30. The smallest particle of soil; holds nutrients and water but does not have room for air
- 31. One of the three main categories of rock formed as magma and lava harden
- 32. The molten rock and gases beneath the earth's surface
- 33. A factory that separates crude oil into products such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel
- 34. An ice sheet that reaches the ocean and continues to float over the water
- 36. A piece of glacier or ice sheet that breaks into the ocean and floats independently
- 37. Renewable- A natural resource that can be used and replaces in a short amount of time | Nonrenewable- take a long time to replace
- 42. Water stored beneath the surface of the earth
- 44. The sediment that a stream carries
- 51. The opening in the surface of the earth through which lava flows
- 52. The process of breaking down rocks into smaller and smaller pieces
- 55. the beginning point of an earthquake; the location from which energy waves are sent
- 57. A concentrated area of specific minerals that have melted and separated into layers
- 58. The funnel-shaped mound of a volcano
- 59. A fossil fuel formed from plant material that was quickly buried in sediment
- 60. A mixture of cinder, ash, and rock
- 62. The process of breaking down rocks
- 64. A solid substance found naturally in the earth's surface, has never been an organic substance
- 65. Electricity generated from heat within the earth
- 66. The materials on Earth available for our use, including soil, water, air, minerals, and fossil fuels
- 67. A spring that periodically blows steam and hot water into the air
- 68. All of the earth's water found in lakes, streams, rivers, soil, ground-water, and the air
- 69. The multiple layers of soil
- 70. gas that occurs in nature
Down
- 1. Water that rises to the earth's surface as it is heated by a magma pool
- 2. Layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock, that hold, or move ground water
- 3. A tiny particle of soil that allows water and air to mix in the soil
- 4. Giant ocean wave caused by an earthquake, volcano, or landslide occurring under or near the ocean
- 6. One of the three main categories of rock formed deep below the earth's crust by heat and pressure
- 7. Chemicals produced from oil
- 9. The set of steps that should be used in all science experiments or investigations
- 10. Soil that has properties of all three soil particles-- sand, silt, and clay
- 12. the vibrations that flow out from the focus of an earthquake
- 14. The area at the mouth of a river where sediment is deposited
- 15. The idea that Earth's crust is made up of moving plates
- 17. The path that water takes as it travels from land to sky and back
- 18. The layer of soil that contains nutrients from the humus that have washed down through the upper layers and weathered minerals from the parent rock below
- 19. An avalanche of red-hot dust and gases that races down the sides of some volcanoes
- 21. The process of separating metal from the other material in which it is found
- 22. The bowl shape at the top of a main vent through which lava flows
- 23. An educated guess
- 25. A weak acid formed from water and carbon dioxide
- 26. A holding area of water located behind a dam
- 27. Erosion that occurs where gravity is the primary factor
- 29. Able to be dented or shaped
- 35. The layer underneath the soil that consists of unweathered rock; also called regolith
- 38. A vehicle, such as gravity, water, wind, or ice that causes erosion
- 39. One of the three main categories of rock formed when layers of sediment and organisms harden
- 40. Method of plowing in which farmers plow with the shape of the land
- 41. The amount of each kind of particle in a soil sample
- 43. The crust and upper area of the earths mantle
- 45. The largest particle of soil. It doesn’t retain water in the soil
- 46. A cave formation that hangs from the ceiling of a cave; made from the dripping of dissolved calcite
- 47. Material that has a usable amount of metal in it
- 48. Electricity generated from the movement of the air
- 49. a break in the earth's surface along which rock can move
- 50. The dropping of sediment and rocks in a new location by gravity, wind, water, or ice
- 51. A crack in the earth's crust through which molten rock comes to the surface
- 53. The process of decomposing rocks into new substances
- 54. The changing and transforming of the rock as it undergoes weathering, heat, and pressure
- 56. An event that occurs when rocks along the plate boundaries shift suddenly and release their stored energy
- 61. A large piece of the earths crust that floats on the melted rock in the earths mantle
- 63. A volcano that occurs where a pool of intensely hot magma rises toward the surface, melting rock until it breaks through the crust