Across
- 2. fine particles from the explosion of a volcano
- 7. stress that scrapes against rock as it moves side by side in opposite directions
- 8. any place where there is a crack in the crust
- 10. name for a collapsed volcano
- 11. the lower part of the mantle
- 12. fault that happened when the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall
- 14. the instrument that can detect earthquakes
- 17. this evidence for seafloor spreading shows repeating patterns of earth’s magnetic signature in the rocks
- 20. when a rock folds and curves down like a U or V
- 21. Hess saw ___ ___ at mid-ocean ridge sites, they form when molten material cools quickly in water
- 22. a fold in the rock that arches up
- 26. the thin outer most layer of the earth- the layer on which we live
- 27. also called the hypocenter- the place where an earthquake happens underground
- 29. Wegener thought all the continents moved apart in a process called __ __
- 31. a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
- 33. Wegener looked at maps and thought the continents could fit together like a jigsaw ____
- 36. stress that stretches rock
- 38. pebble like magma thrown from a volcanic explosion
- 41. a single area of flat rock that can be pushed up due to forces underground
- 45. this volcano type has slow steady eruptions- lava flows out and builds up over a broad area
- 49. this part of the earth is solid nickel and iron
- 50. in a reverse fault, the hanging wall moves ___ relative to the foot wall
- 52. this, in the mantle, is what is causing the plates to move
- 54. he proposed the Theory of Plate Tectonics
- 56. this volcanism happens when plates move and the volcanoes move with them and new ones form where the crust is still melting and rising
- 57. this part of the earth is liquid nickel and iron
- 59. many did not believe Wegener because he couldn’t explain how the continents _____
- 61. when is lava flowing out cracks over many years it forms this
- 62. these cause the plates to move
- 63. cooling lava forms this type of rock
- 65. when subduction occurs, it is because one plate is more ___ than the other
- 69. in the ocean, at divergent boundaries, this land feature forms
- 72. this transform fault is a famous one running through California
- 73. the many plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean and lots of volcanic activity give the area this name
- 74. the upper part of the mantle
- 75. Hess showed from drilling samples that the further you get from mid-ocean ridges, the ___ the rock is
- 76. because this is so high, the molten material near the core heats and rises
- 77. this scale rates the magnitude of earthquakes from 0-10
- 78. during an earthquake, these waves are the first to arrive and compress the land
Down
- 1. __ ___ ___ can form along a convergent boundary where subduction is happening
- 2. volcano that is an immediate threat for eruption
- 3. eruptions where lava is thin and runny- gases bubble out quietly
- 4. the layer in the Earth that has the most volume- composed of molten rock
- 5. the crust is broken into pieces called ___ ___
- 6. a ___ ___ is where 2 plates meet
- 9. where magma collects in a volcano
- 13. the Theory of Plate Tectonics states that the plates are floating and moving along the ___
- 15. this technology uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
- 16. the forces of ___ movement cause earthquakes
- 18. the paper showing the lines that were recoded during an earthquake
- 19. stress that compresses rock
- 23. magma that has reached the surface is called this
- 24. scientists that study volcanoes and predict eruptions
- 25. this fault is formed from shearing stress
- 28. this scientist thought all the continents were once together
- 30. this is the wall that is always on the bottom in a fault
- 32. one of Wegener’s evidence was that ____ of animals were found on different continents today
- 34. the channel through which magma flows to the surface in a volcano
- 35. this is an instrument used to detect changes in the tilt of a volcano’s slope
- 37. volcano that has little threat of eruption
- 38. this volcano type is where lava comes out of new vents
- 39. how closely packed particles are in something
- 40. this is the wall that is always on top in a fault
- 42. a ___ boundary is where 2 plates move apart
- 43. a ___ boundary is where 2 plates come together
- 44. a ___ boundary is where 2 plates move in opposite directions from each other with little up and down movement
- 46. eruptions of a volcano where magma has a lot of silica- high silica is thick and sticky so it collects and move slowly and pressure builds up
- 47. volcano that poses little threat but could become active
- 48. these waves during an earthquake are the most destructive- they are slow moving and a combination of P and S waves
- 51. this scientist prosed the idea of sea floor spreading
- 53. these can forms leading away from the pipe in a volcano
- 55. the process of one plate moving down under another because it is more dense
- 58. you need seismic recording from at least ____ different seismographs to locate the epicenter
- 59. if the plate densities are similar along a convergent boundary, ___ may form as they crush together
- 60. during an earthquake these waves are the second to arrive and move the land up and down like ripples
- 64. this type of mountain forms when 2 pieces of rock on either side of it slip down (normal fault) and the mountain is left behind
- 66. this volcano type is cone shaped and tall
- 67. this can form on land at a divergent boundary
- 68. Wegener’s supercontinent was called this
- 70. another of Wegener’s evidence was that ___ tracks have been found in Africa and __ fossils in Antarctica- showing climate change
- 71. the place on the surface of earth directly above the focus of an earthquake